{"id":1897,"date":"2020-06-28T04:47:52","date_gmt":"2020-06-28T04:47:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=1897"},"modified":"2022-02-19T07:43:28","modified_gmt":"2022-02-19T07:43:28","slug":"lecture-on-physiology-of-urine-formation-in-ayurveda-by-dr-vandana-verma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=1897","title":{"rendered":"Module on &#8216;Physiology of Urine formation in Ayurveda&#8217; by- Dr. Vandana Verma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/jbZPMfQpCf8\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Physiology of Urine formation in Ayurveda<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0 Dr. Vandana Verma , Assistant Professor, Department of Kriya Sharira<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mutra (Urine) &#8211; A liquid waste product of Ahara <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0Acharya Charak has explained about the mechanism of formation of Mala from the Aahar. The ingested food after complete digestion by action of Pachak pitta and Samana Vata gets separated into Prasad Bhag (Aahar rasa) which nourishes to the tissues and the Kitta bhag (waste part) which is also called as Mala. The Kitta part replenishes to the different Mal which are produced at the level of digestion and tissue metabolism like sweat, urine, faeces, tridosha, the Mal of karna, akshi, kesha, lomakoop etc. \u00a0So basically the Kitta, that is formed at the level of GIT replenishes to the Mal\u00a0 which are form either at the level of GIT that is Mootra, Purisha and Vayu or to the Dhatu Mal which are produce during the metabolism of tissue.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Acharya Vagbhatta\u00a0has described two divisions of Kitta on the basis of its consistency, Achha(liquid)\u00a0 and Annacha(solid).\u00a0 The liquid part of Kitta forms Mutra and solid part faeces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u094b \u0930\u0938\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0902 \u091a \u092e\u0932\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u092d\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0947| \u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u0935\u093e\u0924\u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0903 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0928\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0915\u0942\u092a\u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u0928\u0928\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0903 \u0915\u0947\u0936\u0936\u094d\u092e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0928\u0916\u093e\u0926\u092f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0935\u092f\u0935\u093e\u0903 \u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f| <strong>C.Su 28\/4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u094b \u0930\u0938\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0902\u091a\u092e\u0932\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u092e\u092d\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0947| <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u0903<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0903<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094d<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0938\u093e\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0903<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0903<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0902\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094b<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u0947<\/strong> <strong>\u092d\u0935\u0924\u094b<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0936\u094d\u091a<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> Chakrapani commentary on <strong>C.Su 28\/4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u092e\u092a\u093f \u092f\u0926\u0947\u0924\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u092f, \u0924\u0926\u092a\u094d\u092f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e\u0928\u091a\u094d\u091b\u092d\u0947\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0947\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939&#8211;| \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0902 \u0936\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d|| (A.Hri.Sha.3\/61) <strong>\u092f\u0926\u091a\u094d\u091b\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u092f\u0926\u094d<\/strong> <strong>\u0918\u0928\u0902<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u0938\u0902\u0939\u0924\u0902<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0924\u094d<\/strong> <strong>\u0936\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u0902<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> (\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u00a0 \u0915\u0943\u0924 on (A.Hri.Sha.3\/61)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Structures related to Urine formation and Excretion <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vrikka (Kidney), Basti (Bladder), Mutravaha Nadi (Ureters), Mutra Prashek (Urethra)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Vrikka (Kidney)<\/strong>:\u00a0 The description of\u00a0kidney in relation to urine formation is not mentioned by any\u00a0of the scholar of\u00a0 Ayurveda rather it has been mention in relation to Medavaha srotas Mula. It has been discussed as a Kosthanga and Aacharya Shushrut has described it as a site of Antarvriddhi (internal abscess).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Basti (Bladder)<\/strong>:\u00a0 Basti is described as the major organ for urine formation and collection.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mutravaha Nadi (Ureters):\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0No direct description is found in relation to urine formation in Ayurveda. The term Gavani has been used for the ureters in Veda. However there is description of Mutravaha nadi that carry the urine from the pakwasaya upto the bladder.\u00a0 This is the structure which is related to the intestine and the large intestine and carries formed urine into bladder. \u00a0Since ureters are retroperitoneal structure, so it might be quite possible to assume that these ducts\u00a0are coming from the intestine and pouring\u00a0urine into the bladder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mechanism of Urine Formation <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shushrut has described mechanism of urine formation in Ashmari nidana in reference to the formation of stone in the bladder. He described that ingested food digested completely by the Pachak pitta then it gets separated into the Dosha, Rasa, mutra, purish by the action pachak pitta &amp; SamanaVata.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mutra(urine) segregated at the level of\u00a0Pakwashya (large intestine)\u00a0is brought to Basti\u00a0 by the Mutravaha nadi continuously. For the transport of urine from pakwashya to urinary bladder by Mutravah nadi analogy of river and ocean has been given. As the river continuously drains it\u2019s water into the ocean which act as a reservoir in the same manner urine which is formed at the level of pakvashaya from the liquid part of the Kitta is continuously drained by the Mutravaha nadi into the bladder. The ducts which carry urine are very minute, invisible, millions in numbers and have thousands of openings also and they pour their urine into bladder (Amashaya antarata).\u00a0 Dalhan has further explained that Amashayantrata refers to Basti(urinary bladder).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Urine formation is a continuous process which happens all through the day and night by the process of Nihsyandan (filtration). \u00a0For explaining this process of filtration the analogy has been given, as an earthen pot\u00a0submerged in water up to the neck, gets filled with water by the lateral pores\u00a0which are present in its wall, in the same fashion the Basti gets filled with the urine by the different ducts which are coming from the intestine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aacharya Shushrut has described two Mutravaha Nadi and two Adhoga Dhamani (blood vessels) related to formation and transport of urine. The Mutravaha Nadi gets divided into 10 x 100 x 1000 x times\u2019 smaller divisions are very minute, invisible, millions in numbers and have thousands of openings. This description of Mutravaha nadi could be understood as nephron, \u00a0\u00a0its different parts like Bowmen capsule as Sahasra mukha of Nadi and Nadi as parts of renal tubules. Whereas two Adhog Dhamani could be understood renal artery which divided and form glomerulus in Bowmen\u2019s capsule and further it pass along with the renal tubules and make the peritubular capillaries network along with the Tubular ducts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">This whole description of Sushrut can be summarized that urine is formed by the process of filtration and is a continuous process; the thousands of minute invisible ducts carry urine from large intestine (pakvashya) into the bladder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>According to sharangdhar<\/strong> (Sha.Pu6\/7), the Aahar gets divided into two parts i.e. Sara Bhag (nutrient part) and Asara bhaag(non-nutrient part). The liquid part of the Asara Bhag is called mutra.\u00a0 The water that is formed after the digestion is carried into the Basti by the different Shiras (blood vessels).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Thus there is no direct description about the Tubular structure of the nephron and the blood vessels, but the analysis of whole description shows that they are related with the urine formation and transport.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0936\u092f\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0928\u093e\u0921\u094d\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u093e\u0903 | \u0924\u0930\u094d\u092a\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0926\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u093e\u0917\u0930\u0902 \u092f\u0925\u093e ||\u0968\u0967||<br \/>\n\u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u094b\u092a\u0932\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0903 | \u0928\u093e\u0921\u0940\u092d\u093f\u0930\u0941\u092a\u0928\u0940\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d ||\u0968\u0968||<br \/>\n\u091c\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0924\u0936\u094d\u091a\u0948\u0935 \u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 | \u0906\u092e\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0932\u093f\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0947\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0903 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0928\u0935\u0903 ||\u0968\u0969||<br \/>\n\u0918\u091f\u094b \u092f\u0925\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 |\u0968\u096a| (S. Ni 3\/21,22,23,24)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093e\u0921\u094d\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u092a\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0940\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0903| \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u094c \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0927\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u094c \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947, \u0924\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e\u0916\u093e\u092d\u0942\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0936\u0927\u093e \u0936\u0924\u0927\u093e \u0938\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e \u091a \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0939- \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f| \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u0928\u093e\u0921\u0940\u0928\u093e\u092e\u094d| \u092f\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092d\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0907\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0939- \u0928\u093e\u0921\u0940\u092d\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f| \u0906\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0906\u092e\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0936\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d| \u0938 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0903| \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0939\u0947\u0928, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947| \u0905\u0927\u094b\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0930\u0928\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u092e\u0941\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0939-\u0906\u092e\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f| \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b \u0927\u0943\u0924\u0903| \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0939\u093f|| <strong>Dalhan commentary\u00a0 (S. Ni 3\/21,22,23)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Blood vessels related to the urine formation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shushrut has described three kind of dhamni Urdhva, Adho and Triyaka on the basis of their location in the relation to the Nabhi (umblicus) and arrangement in the body. The blood vessels\u00a0located below the umbilicus which supply nutrient to lower limb and pelvic organs are called as Adhoga dhamani and they are related to the transport of\u00a0flatus, urine, Shukra(semen) and Artava(menstrual flow). Total Adhoga dhamani are 30 in number. The two Adhoga dhamani (blood vessels) are related with the urine formation and help in transport of urine into the bladder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If we observe the blood supply of ureter it is having blood supply from branches of blood vessels supplying different parts of the GIT including large intestine. Since ureter is pouring\u00a0formed urine into the bladder and this may be the reason behind description that urine coming from pakwashya is carried by Mutravah nadi into bladder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aacharya Susruta\u00a0 here he explains little bit about the urine formation also in the dhamini chapter, he explains that the two Dhamnis are related with the intestine and two blood vessels helps in the digestion of food and separation of Rasa and two with formation of urine and feces. The water which is formed as a kitta in the intestine when this water comes into the Basti &amp; collected in the Basti then this water\u00a0is called as mutra before that it is called as Udaka ( S.sh.9\/7).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0905\u0927\u094b\u0917\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0927\u094b \u0935\u0939\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f |&#8212; \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e\u092d\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0939\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947 I(S.Sha. 9\/7)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u093f \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0936\u092f\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094b\u093d\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f , \u0928\u093e\u092a\u093f \u0924\u094b\u092f\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0924\u094b\u092f\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e; \u0924\u0947\u0928 \u0924\u094b\u092f\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u092d\u0942\u0924\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u091c\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u092e\u092f\u092e\u0941\u0926\u0915\u092e\u093f\u0935\u094b\u0926\u0915\u0902 , \u0924\u0926\u092a\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0935 \u0935\u0939\u0924\u0903; \u0924\u0926\u0947\u0935\u094b\u0926\u0915\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947, \u0924\u0926\u094d\u0935\u0939\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0938\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0947| \u090f\u0935\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u094d\u091f\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923\u092d\u0942\u0924\u0902 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u091c\u0902 \u0918\u0928\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092e\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0902, \u0924\u0926\u092a\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0935 \u0935\u0939\u0924\u0903; \u0924\u0926\u0947\u0935\u094b\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0941(\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0941)\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0941\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947|| (Dalhana ccommentary on (S.Sha. 9\/6-7)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Basti as a reservoir of urine and seat of Ambuvaha Srotas <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Basti is situated in shroni (pelvis), is reservoir of urine\u00a0and seat of Ambuvaha srotas \u00a0since \u00a0it is related with the body water\u00a0 excretion and balance . The simile of ocean and river has been given as Ocean is the reservoir of all kind of rivers in the same manner the bladder is the seat of urine or seat of ambuvaha srotas.\u00a0 The quantity of urine basically depends on the quantity of water intake, if the intake of water is more than more urine will be formed and if the intake is less the quantity of urine will also be decreased.\u00a0 Although formation of urine depends on the blood volume and the quantity of water in the plasma but it has been not described in relation to that blood volume of plasma rather it has been described in relation to the Udak. Similarly if we see the description of Udak it is 10 Anjali and is present in whole body in different forms. \u00a0When this water comes into the bladder it is known as mutra &amp; when it comes out through skin pores on exposure to the heat\u00a0is called as sweat, So, these are two routes through which there is major loss of water.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u0917\u0941\u0926\u092e\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0938\u0947\u0935\u0928\u0940\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0902\u00a0 \u0928\u093e\u0921\u0940(\u0932\u0940)\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0930\u094b\u093d\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0941\u0926\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0935\u093e\u092a\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093e I(C.Siddhi.9\/4)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0903<\/strong> <strong>\u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u093e\u0939\u0941<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u0917\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928\u0947\u0928\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u0917\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0947\u0924\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0903<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0909\u0926\u0927\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0925\u093e\u093d\u093d\u092a\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u0940\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0902<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0925\u093e<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0930\u092a\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0935\u0939\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u092e\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong>\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0926\u0940\u092a\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0943\u0924)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Dosha involved in urine formation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The ingested food is digested completely\u00a0by the Pachak Pitta and again it&#8217;s separation is done by the Pachak Pitta and Samana vata .(S.su21\/10) Here the function of separation of Sara and Kitta can be understood by the formation of urine.\u00a0 Thus Pachaka Pitta and Samana Vata are related with the formation of urine whereas Apana Vata regulates\u00a0the excretion of urine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0924\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0939\u0947\u0924\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0947\u0923 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u091a\u0924\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0927\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0902 \u092a\u091a\u0924\u093f, \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u091a\u092f\u0924\u093f \u091a \u0926\u094b\u0937\u0930\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u093e\u0923\u093f; \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925\u092e\u0947\u0935 \u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0936\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0923\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0923\u093e\u093d\u0928\u0941\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0924\u093f I (S.Su.21\/10)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u094b<\/strong> <strong>\u0930\u0938\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092a\u0941\u0930\u0940\u0937\u093e\u0923\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923\u0902<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><strong> I (Dalhan commentary on S.Su.15\/4)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Excretion of Urine regulated by Apana Vata <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Apana Vata which is present in the lower part of the body and its site is Shroni, Basti, medra, Uru \u00a0is responsible for the release of or excretion of shukra, menstrual flow, urine and foetus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Susruta has further explained about the function of Apana Vata(S.Ni.1\/19-20) that when there is urge for micturition it releases urine and in absence of urge for micturition it retains the urine into the bladder. This function could be understood as a micturition reflex and regulation of the micturition mechanism and the innervations of the bladder and the urethra.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The bladder has two kind of nerve supply i.e. sympathetic and parasympathetic. The sympathetic nerve fibers supply to the detrusor\u00a0muscle and inhibit contraction of this muscle during filling\u00a0and constrict the urethra and the bladder. Whereas the parasympathetic nerve fibers from the root value S2 to S4, supply to the detrusor muscle\u00a0and to the sphincter muscles they cause relaxation to the muscle of the bladder neck.\u00a0 There is voluntary control of\u00a0external sphincter of the urethra by the pudendal nerve.\u00a0 There is voluntary control of the micturition\u00a0and the centre is situated in the pontine\u00a0part of the brain and is also called as pontine micturition centre.\u00a0 When there is filling of bladder with certain amount of urine a stretch reflex is generated. This stretch reflex is basically a spinal reflex that causes inhibition of sympathetic nerves and there is more activation of parasympathetic nerves that produce contraction of detrusor\u00a0muscle and relaxation of sphincter muscles that causes release of urine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0905\u092a\u093e\u0928\u094b\u093d\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0917\u0903 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0923\u093f\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092e\u0947\u0922\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0930\u0941\u0917\u094b\u091a\u0930\u0903| \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u0936\u0915\u0943\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0903|| (A.Hri.Su.11\/9)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0903<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f\u0903<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0947\u0922\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0903<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0917\u094b\u091a\u0930\u094b<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u0935\u093f\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f\u0903<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> \u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u092e\u094d \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e (A.Hri.Su.11\/9)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0932\u092f\u094b\u093d\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0903 \u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093f \u091a\u093e\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0927\u0903 | \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0930\u0923\u0903 \u0936\u0915\u0943\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0928\u093f \u091a ||<br \/>\n\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0936\u094d\u091a \u0915\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0928\u094d \u0918\u094b\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0941\u0926\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d |I (S.Ni.1\/19-20)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0947\u0917\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923\u092e\u0935\u0947\u0917\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947<\/strong> <strong>\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u092e\u094d<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong><strong>\u00a0 (Dalhan commentary on S.Su.15\/4)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Quantity of Urine <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Quantity of Urine<strong> is <\/strong>4\u00a0Anjali.\u00a0 Although there is a formation of 1.5 L\u00a0of urine\u00a0which do not matches\u00a0with the quantity described by Ayurveda scholar but here he mentioned that its amount is not fixed, it depends on the intake of water and diet.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0932\u093f\u0938\u0919\u094d\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0947\u092f\u0902 \u0924\u0926\u0941\u092a\u0926\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0903; \u0924\u0924\u094d \u092a\u0930\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092e\u092d\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0947\u092f\u0902, \u0924\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f, \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0947\u0935| -\u091a\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f I (C.Sha.7\/15)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Functions of Mutra (Urine) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Acharya Sushrut explains that<strong>, <\/strong>it fills the bladder, removes excess of kleda(water) from the body, whereas the function of sweat is to retain the water.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0915\u0943\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<strong> , <\/strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0903 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0915\u094d\u0938\u094c\u0915\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d; \u00a0<strong>(S.Su15\/5)\u00a0 <\/strong><strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0936\u092f\u0903<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u0902<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u091a<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0903<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0947<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0941<\/strong> <strong>\u2018<\/strong><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u091c\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u0915\u0943\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong> <strong>\u0907\u0924\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u091c\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926<\/strong> <strong>\u0906\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0938<\/strong> <strong>\u091a\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d<\/strong>\u00a0 <strong>\u092a\u0943\u0925\u0915\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e\u0924\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092e\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d<\/strong> <strong>\u2018<\/strong><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0903<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong> <strong>\u0907\u0924\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u092a\u0920\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong><strong>||<\/strong><strong> Dalhana commentary on <\/strong><strong>S.Su15\/5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u092e\u094d<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>| \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0903&#8211;|<strong>(A.Hri.Su.11\/5) <\/strong>\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e <strong>&#8212; <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0939\u092f\u0924\u093f<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0947<\/strong> <strong>\u0939\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u0936\u094b\u0937\u0903<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u092e\u094d <strong>&#8212;<\/strong><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0928\u0902<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0938\u094d\u092f<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0939\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0917\u092e\u0928\u092e\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0947\u0928<\/strong> <strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0932\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u0915\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0926\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0947\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093f<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Mutrakshaya <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Characteristics of Mutrakshya are oliguria, dysuria, altered colour of urine, thirst, dryness of mouth, pain in bladder or in the region of bladder, less formation and release of urine and it may be devoid of normal colour of urine or may be mixed with blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0947 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0926\u094b\u093d\u0932\u094d\u092a\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u091a; \u0905\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u094b\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0903 | (S.Su.15\/11)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u093d\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u0935 \u0935\u093e| (A.Hri.Su. 11\/22)\u00a0 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e &#8212;<strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0923\u0947\u093d\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0947\u0924\u094d<\/strong><strong>,<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0938\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092e\u0947\u0935<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u093e<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0906\u092f\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0926\u0930\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u092e\u094d \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e&#8211; \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0947\u0924\u094d| \u0924\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0902-\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092d\u0902, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u0935 \u0935\u093e| \u090f\u0935\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0947\u0923 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947| \u0905\u0924 \u090f\u0935 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0924\u0932\u094d\u0932\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947|<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0948\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0947\u0935 \u091a| \u092a\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0938\u093e \u092c\u093e\u0927\u0924\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u0902 \u091a \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093f|| (C.Su. 17\/71)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Mutravriddhi <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Polyuria, increased frequency of urine, distension of bladder, pain in bladder.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0924\u0941 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0926\u0902 \u0915\u0943\u0924\u0947\u093d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d||(A.Hri.Su. 11\/13)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0930\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0926\u0902<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0925\u093e\u0902<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> <strong>\u0924\u0925\u093e<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0947\u093d\u092a\u093f<\/strong> <strong>\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0947\u093d\u0915\u0943\u0924\u0938\u0902\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0924\u093e\u0902<\/strong><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong>\u0905\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0938\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u093f\u0935<\/strong> <strong>\u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d<\/strong><strong>|<\/strong> \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0938\u0941\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u0902\u00a0 \u092e\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0941\u0939\u0941\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094b\u0926\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0902 \u091a I (S.Su.15\/11) <strong>\u0906\u0927\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u092e\u093f\u0939<\/strong> <strong>\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0930\u0947\u0935<\/strong><strong>||<\/strong><strong> Dalhana<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Clinical conditions related to Urinary system (Mutravaha Srotas) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">When there is vitiation of mutravaha srotas functional derangement will be observed in urine formation and release. There will be excess\u00a0or less frequency and quantity of urine for urine release and release may be associated with pain.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0902 \u0935\u0919\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094c \u091a, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0941 \u0916\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0926\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0935\u093f\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f; \u0924\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0925\u093e- \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0938\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0941\u092a\u093f\u0924\u092e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u092e\u092d\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0902 \u0935\u093e \u092c\u0939\u0932\u0902 \u0938\u0936\u0942\u0932\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d| (C.Vi. 5\/8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0926\u094d\u0927\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u092c\u094d\u0927\u092e\u0947\u0922\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u091a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (S.Sha.9\/12)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Summary of urine formation and excretion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Digestion of ingested food by the action Pachaka Pitta and Saman Vata and separation into Saar bhaag which provides nourishment to tissues and Kitta bhaga (waste part) in large intestine, from Liquid part mutra and from solid part feces\u00a0is formed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The mechanism of urine formation is Nihsyandan(filtration) and it happens whole day and night means it is continuous process.\u00a0The formed urine is carried by two mutravaha Dahmni\/ nadi from Pakwashya(large intestine) into Basti\u00a0(urinary bladder). Excretion of urine is regulated by \u00a0Apana Vata.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Physiological and Clinical significance of Basti (Bladder) and Vrikka (Kidney) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vrikka is not described in relation to urine formation. It is moola of Medovaha srotomula, related with fat metabolism and seat of Antarvridhi (internal abscess). Basti is a marma.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It is organ related to urine formation &amp; it regulates the water content in body since it is seat of Ambuvaha srotas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bladder is the site of stone formation it is site for Uttar Basti chikitsa(a kind of panchakarma procedure for alleviation of Vata dosha).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Characteristics of injury to the bladder<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Retention of urine, feces and flatus, pain in groin and bladder, distension and stiffness in umbilical and pelvic region.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094c \u0924\u0941 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u092e\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0935\u0919\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u092e\u0947\u0939\u0928\u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0942\u0932\u0915\u0941\u0923\u094d\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0926\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0937\u094d\u0920\u0940\u0932\u094b\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d\u092d\u00a0 \u0928\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0915\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0917\u0941\u0926\u0936\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u093e\u0926\u092f\u0903\u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092a\u0938\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0919\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0928\u093f \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0940\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093f|| (C.Siddhi 9\/6)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Assessment:\u00a0 Multiple Choice Questions<\/p>\n<p>Q.1.\u00a0 What is Anjali praman of Mutra :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>4 Anjali<\/li>\n<li>2Anjali<\/li>\n<li>6 Anjali<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.2.Which dosha help in formation of urine:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Samana Vata<\/li>\n<li>Pachak Pitta<\/li>\n<li>Both 1 &amp; 2<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.3.Which statement is not true about Basti:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is counted as Marma<\/li>\n<li>It is Moola of ambuvaha srotas<\/li>\n<li>It is called as Pranayatan<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.4. Which statement is true about the Apana Vata:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It causes release of Urine on micturition urge<\/li>\n<li>It retains urine in bladder<\/li>\n<li>Both<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.5. What is characteristic of Mutrakshya:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Dysuria<\/li>\n<li>Passing of Rakta in urine<\/li>\n<li>Both 1 &amp;2<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.6. \u00a0What is characteristic of Mutravriddhi:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Increased frequency and quantity of urine<\/li>\n<li>Heaviness and Pain in bladder<\/li>\n<li>Both 1 &amp;2<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.7. What is characteristic of Mutravaha srotodushti :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Increased frequency of urine<\/li>\n<li>Decreased frequency of urine<\/li>\n<li>Both 1 &amp; 2<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.8. What is <strong>characteristics<\/strong> of injury of the bladder<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Retention of urine<\/li>\n<li>Retention of feces and flatus<\/li>\n<li>Both 1 &amp; 2<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.9 What is function of Mutra\u2026<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Filling of bladder<\/li>\n<li>Removes extra water from the body<\/li>\n<li>Both 1 &amp;2<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Q.10 Which kind of dhamani is related to urine formation:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Urdhva dhamani<\/li>\n<li>Adhog dhamani<\/li>\n<li>Both<\/li>\n<li>None<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Answer sheet for MCQ<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">Question no<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">Answer<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">Question no<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">Answer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">1<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">6<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">2<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">7<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">8<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">4<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">9<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"64\">5<\/td>\n<td width=\"80\">3<\/td>\n<td width=\"96\">10<\/td>\n<td width=\"66\">2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Physiology of Urine formation in Ayurveda \u00a0 Dr. Vandana Verma , Assistant Professor, Department of Kriya Sharira \u00a0Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, Varanasi &nbsp; Mutra (Urine) &#8211; A liquid waste product of Ahara \u00a0Acharya Charak has explained about the mechanism of formation of Mala from the Aahar. 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The ingested food after complete digestion by"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"1897","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2025-06-06 19:35:28","updated":"2025-06-06 19:35:28","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?cat=57\" title=\"Experts\">Experts<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?cat=73\" title=\"Dr. Vandana Verma\">Dr. Vandana Verma<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">&raquo;<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\tModule on \u2018Physiology of Urine formation in Ayurveda\u2019 by- Dr. Vandana Verma\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com"},{"label":"Experts","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?cat=57"},{"label":"Dr. Vandana Verma","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?cat=73"},{"label":"Module on &#8216;Physiology of Urine formation in Ayurveda&#8217; by- Dr. Vandana Verma","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=1897"}],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1897","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1897"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1897\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3081"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1897"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1897"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1897"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}