{"id":212,"date":"2019-05-31T11:18:34","date_gmt":"2019-05-31T11:18:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=212"},"modified":"2020-05-09T15:19:15","modified_gmt":"2020-05-09T15:19:15","slug":"physiological-issues-related-to-medo-dhatu-with-special-reference-to-obesity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=212","title":{"rendered":"Physiological Issues related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 with special reference to Obesity"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Physiological Issues related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 with special reference to Obesity<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u2018Medas\u2019 is the fourth \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in the sequence of tissue synthesis and nourishment. There is little doubt that the term \u2018Medas\u2019 indicates \u2018fat\u2019 in general and Adipose tissue in particular. But the description of \u2018Abaddha\u2019 Medas (1) compel one to understand this \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in two forms- one, \u2018bound\u2019 or \u2018stored\u2019 (Baddha) and the other, \u2018free\u2019 (Abaddha). This free form of \u2018Medas\u2019 should therefore include the circulating lipids like those in the form of lipoproteins or those in the form of free fatty acids(2).<\/p>\n<p>Adipose tissue is a specialized connective tissue that functions as the major storage site for fat in the form of triglycerides. This is of two forms- white and brown. White adipose tissue serves several functions: heat insulation, mechanical cushion, and most importantly, a source of energy. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is an especially important heat insulator in the body, because it conducts heat only one third as readily as other tissues. As the major form of energy storage, fat provides a buffer for energy imbalances when energy intake is not equal to energy output. It is an efficient way to store excess energy, because it is stored with very little water.<\/p>\n<p>Lipid in brown adipose tissue, instead of serving as a substrate, releases energy directly as heat and is, therefore used in heat production for non-shivering thermogenesis. The mechanism of heat generation is related to the metabolism of the mitochondria. Mitochondria from brown adipose tissue have a specific carrier called uncoupling protein that transfers protons from outside to inside without subsequent production of ATP.<br \/>\nBut recent studies show that the adipose tissue is a complex organ with functions far beyond the mere storage of energy(3). Indeed, it has been shown that fat tissue secretes a number of adipokines including Leptin, adiponectin and visfatin, as well as cytokines, such as Resistin, Interleukin-6 and Tumor-necrosis factor-\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Process of Successive Tissue Synthesis \u2013 \u2018Kshira- Dadhi Nyaya\u2019:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The process of nourishment and synthesis of tissues has been explained through various theories in Ayurvedic textbooks. One of them is \u2018Kshira Dadhi Nyaya\u2019. As per this theory, one tissue is transformed into the next in a particular sequence. Cakrapani has explained it as follows (4,5):<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u094d \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092a\u094b\u0937\u0923\u092e\u0947\u0935\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0924\u0947 \u092f\u0924\u094d, \u0930\u0938\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u092e\u0924\u093f, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u091a \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u092f\u093e \u0964 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0926\u092f\u094a\u093d\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0964 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u093f \u091a \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0926\u094d \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0935\u0924\u0947 \u2013 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094d \u092f\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0926\u0927\u093f \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0938\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0930\u0938\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f; \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0926\u092f\u094b\u093d\u092a\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e \u092d\u0935\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0965<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a \u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0926\u093f\u0926\u0902 \u0935\u0926\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0924\u094d, \u0930\u0938\u094b\u093d\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092a\u091a\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0903 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u093f, \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u091a \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0924\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0942\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0903 \u0964 \u092f\u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0940\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094d \u0926\u0927\u093f \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f, \u0926\u0927\u094d\u0928\u094b \u0928\u0935\u0928\u0940\u0924\u0902, \u0928\u0935\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093e\u0926\u094d \u0918\u0943\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915\u0903 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0903 \u0964<\/p>\n<p>In Caraka Samhita, the following description is found regarding the process of transformation of one \u2018Dhatu\u2019 into another(6).<\/p>\n<p>\u0924\u0947\u091c\u094b \u0930\u0938\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u0941\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0903 \u0938 \u0930\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0923 \u0930\u0938\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093f \u0965<br \/>\n\u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0928\u093e \u091a \u0918\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924\u092e\u094d \u0964 \u0924\u0926\u0947\u0935 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u094d \u0965<br \/>\n\u0935\u093e\u092f\u094d\u0935\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0924\u0947\u091c\u0938\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092e\u0942\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923\u093e \u091a\u093e\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0924\u092e\u094d \u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0947\u0935 \u0924\u0924\u094d \u0964<br \/>\n\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0947\u091c\u094b\u093d\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0941\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927\u094b\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0926\u094b\u093d\u092d\u093f\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u092a\u0943\u0925\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0918\u093e\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0943\u0924\u0903 \u0964<br \/>\n\u0916\u0930\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u092f \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947\u093d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u0924\u0924\u094b \u0928\u0943\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094d \u0964 \u0915\u0930\u094b\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094c\u0937\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0930\u0923\u0903 \u0965<br \/>\n\u092e\u0947\u0926\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0928\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0939\u094b \u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u092e\u0943\u0924\u0903 \u0964 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u094d\u091e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0939\u0903 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0965<br \/>\n\u0935\u093e\u092f\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093e\u0926\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0948\u0903 \u0938\u094c\u0937\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947\u093d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0937\u0941 \u0964 \u0924\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0924\u093f \u0924\u091a\u094d\u091b\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0928\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0915\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092d\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094b\u0926\u0915\u092e\u094d \u0965<br \/>\n\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u092d\u093f\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0924\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0939\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0903 \u0964 \u0939\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0923\u094b\u0926\u0940\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0935\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u0928\u094b\u092d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0965<br \/>\n\u0935\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0928\u0902 \u0918\u0943\u0924\u0935\u0926\u094d \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u092e\u094d \u0964 \u092c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094c \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092d\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0932\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0935\u094b\u0926\u0915\u092e\u094d \u0965<\/p>\n<p>The above description has always attracted criticism by the modern Ayurvedic scholars. Even Cakrapani, on one instance, has disapproved this theory. Most of the scholars believed that the process of transformation of one tissue into another is not possible except in embryonic stem cells.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Recent Stem Cell Research:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Until recently, it was widely believed that the mature adult stem cells in the tissues can not be transformed into another tissue. But recent advances in the science have shown that the mature adult stem cells present in some tissues can form multiple tissue types. It is now known that fat is an excellent source for bone, cartilage, muscle, and maybe even blood cells because it is an excellent source of stem cells that can be prompted to develop into bone or muscle. In 2001, Hedrick, a plastic surgeon by profession, and his colleagues reported this research in \u2018Tissue Engineering\u2019(7). Afterwards, in 2005, researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine successfully isolated stem cells from human skin, expanded them in the laboratory and coaxed them into becoming fat, muscle and bone cells. The study, one of the first studies to show the ability of a single adult stem cell to become multiple tissue types, was reported in \u2018Stem Cells and Development\u2019 (2005)(8). More recently, scientists have successfully made immature sperm cells from human bone marrow samples (9). Therefore, formation of \u2018Shukra\u2019 from \u2018Majja\u2019 is no more an absurd description.<\/p>\n<p>Vagbhata has comprehended the process of tissue transformation and nourishment as follows(10):<br \/>\n\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0924\u0924\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0938\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0926\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094b\u093d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f \u091a \u0964<br \/>\n\u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u0928\u094b \u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0917\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0965<\/p>\n<p>Arunadatta has thrown light on this explanation in following lines, citing an example of obesity and initiating a debate on some related issues(11):<\/p>\n<p>\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d \u2013 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0930\u0938\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u0948\u0915\u0924\u093e\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d , \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u2013 \u0938 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0930\u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0925\u093e \u092d\u0942\u0924\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u0924\u093e\u0935\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0938 \u090f\u0935 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094d\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093f \u092f\u094b\u091c\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094d \u0964 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u091a\u094b\u0926\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0964 \u0928\u0928\u0941, \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0930\u0938\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924\u094b 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\u0905\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u0938\u094d\u092f\u092e\u0947\u0926\u094b\u0935\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u092f\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0905\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0941\u092a\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u092f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0926\u0938\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u0925\u094b\u092a\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0930\u0938\u0947\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0926\u094b\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0947\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0926\u0915\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u0935\u092e\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0941\u092e\u094d\u092d\u091c\u0932\u0932\u0935\u0938\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u0947\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u092f\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0903 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947, \u0928 \u0924\u0941 \u0924\u0925\u094b\u092a\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u091a \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0903 (\u091a. \u0938\u0942. \u0968\u0967\/\u096a) \u2013 \u201c\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0926 \u090f\u0935\u094b\u092a\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0924\u0947, \u0928 \u0924\u0925\u0947\u0924\u0930\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0903\u201d \u0907\u0924\u093f \u0964 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094d\u092f\u092f\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0903 \u092e\u0947\u0926\u0938\u094b \u092f\u0947\u093d\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0947\u093d\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u092f\u0903 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0938\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u0928 \u0924\u0925\u094b\u092a\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 , \u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947 \u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u092f\u0903 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0928\u094b\u092a\u091a\u0940\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0924\u093f \u0964 \u0905\u0924 \u090f\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0903 \u2013 (\u091a. \u0938\u0942. \u0968\u0967\/\u096f) \u201c\u092e\u0947\u0926\u094b\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0932\u0938\u094d\u092b\u093f\u0917\u0941\u0926\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0928\u0903 \u0964 \u0905\u092f\u0925\u094b\u092a\u091a\u092f\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u094b \u0928\u0930\u094b\u093d\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 \u0964 \u0907\u0924\u093f \u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>Involvement of \u2018Rasa\u2019, \u2018Rakta\u2019 and \u2018Mamsa\u2019 in Obesity:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>As described by Arunadatta, abnormal nourishment of \u2018Rasa\u2019, \u2018Rakta\u2019 and \u2018Mamsa\u2019 takes place along with \u2018Meda\u2019 in obesity. This explanation also seems to be true because dyslipidaemias and type- II diabetes mellitus (related to the abnormalities of \u2018Rasa Dhatu\u2019), hypertension (related to the abnormalities of \u2018Rakta Dhatu\u2019) and abnormally functioning muscle tissue (\u2018Mamsa Dhatu\u2019) have been linked with obesity. Scientists have reported that severely obese people have three times as much of a fat-building enzyme called SCD-1 in their muscle cells than lean people indicating that simple dietary management may not be sufficient in the treatment of Obesity(12).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Kidney and Lipid Metabolism:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Also, in Ayurvedic literature, \u2018Vrikka\u2019 (Kidney) has been named as an organ associated with \u2018Medovaha Srotas\u2019. This description must have been based on some clinical observations. Recently there has been evidence that obesity increases tubular reabsorption in kidneys and this shifts pressure natriuresis towards higher BP. The increased tubular re-absorption is linked to the possible changes in intrarenal physical forces caused by medullary compression due to accumulation of adipose tissue around the kidney and increased extracellular matrix within the kidney. Because obesity is a primary cause of essential hypertension as well as type II diabetes, scientists believe that obesity may also be the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease(13).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 promotes the growth of \u2018Asthi Dhatu\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>One of the functions of \u2018Meda Dhatu\u2019 is to promote the growth of \u2018Asthi Dhatu\u2019. Recent advances in medical science have proposed that Adipose Tissue stimulates bone growth in children and young adults. After puberty, this effect is weakened. In a study reported in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, the fat mass in children was an independent predictor of bone mass and size(14).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2018Medo Dhatvagni\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vagbhata has described that \u2018Jatharagni\u2019, has its fractions known as \u2018Dhatvagnis\u2019 situated at the level of tissues. If these fractions become over active, there will be &#8216;Kshaya&#8217; (Catabolism) of &#8216;Dhatu&#8217; and if they become depressed, there will be abnormal &#8216;Vrddhi&#8217; of the &#8216;Dhatu\u2019. Several classical hemocrine hormones determine the metabolic state of a tissue. For example, &#8216;Medodhatvagni&#8217; may include glucocorticoids, insulin, glucagon etc. If glucagon levels are excess, lipolysis occurs which is equivalent to &#8216;Medokshaya&#8217;. Along with these hormones, all enzymes involved in lipid metabolism may also be regarded as \u2018Medo Dhatvagnis\u2019 (15).<br \/>\nConclusion:<\/p>\n<p>Various physiological and pathological descriptions available in Ayurvedic textbooks need to be looked at seriously with an open mind and concepts related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 are not an exception for this.<\/p>\n<p>REFERENCES:<\/p>\n<p>1. Caraka Samhita, Nidana Sthana, 4\/7<br \/>\n2. Kishor Patwardhan, \u2018Human Physiology in Ayurveda\u2019, Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (2005) Page No.19<br \/>\n3. Tiziana Ronti; Graziana Lupattelli; Elmo Mannarino, \u2018The Endocrine Function of Adipose Tissue: An Update\u2019, Clinical Endocrinology. 2006;64(4):355-365.<br \/>\n4. Cakrapani on Ca. Su.28\/4<br \/>\n5. Cakrapani on Sushruta Samhita, Sutra Sthana, 14\/10<br \/>\n6. Caraka Samhita, Cikitsa Sthana, 15\/28-35<br \/>\n7.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/news\/20010410\/turning-fat-into-muscle-bone-blood-cells\">http:\/\/www.webmd.com\/news\/20010410\/turning-fat-into-muscle-bone-blood-cells<\/a>\u00a0accessed on 17\/1\/2008 10:20:33 PM<br \/>\n8.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2005\/06\/050623000101.htm\">http:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2005\/06\/050623000101.htm\u00a0<\/a>accessed on 9\/2\/2008 5:04:31 PM<br \/>\n9.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/health\/6547675.stm\">http:\/\/news.bbc.co.uk\/2\/hi\/health\/6547675.stm\u00a0<\/a>accessed on 9\/2\/2008 4:53:11 PM<br \/>\n10. Ashtanga Hridaya, Sharira Sthana, 3\/62<br \/>\n11. Arunadatta on Ashtanga Hridaya, Sharira Sthana, 3\/62<br \/>\n12.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/514347\">http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/514347<\/a>\u00a0accessed on 14\/2\/2008 7:22:15 PM<br \/>\n13. John E. Hall, Michael W. Brands, Jeffrey R. Henegar, Eugene W. Shek (1998), \u2018Abnormal kidney function as a cause and a consequence of obesity hypertension\u2019, Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 25 (1), 58\u201364.<br \/>\n14.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/541500\">http:\/\/www.medscape.com\/viewarticle\/541500<\/a>\u00a0accessed on 13\/2\/2008 11:44:25 PM<br \/>\n15. Kishor Patwardhan, \u2018Human Physiology in Ayurveda\u2019, Published by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi (2005) Page No.48<\/p>\n<p>Author: Kishor Patwardhan, Banaras Hindu University<\/p>\n<p>(This article was first published on a personal blog of the author).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Physiological Issues related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 with special reference to Obesity \u2018Medas\u2019 is the fourth \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in the sequence of tissue synthesis and nourishment. There is little doubt that the term \u2018Medas\u2019 indicates \u2018fat\u2019 in general and Adipose tissue in particular. But the description of \u2018Abaddha\u2019 Medas (1) compel one to understand this \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,71,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kriya-sharir","category-prof-kishor-patwardhan","category-text"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Physiological Issues related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 with special reference to Obesity \u2018Medas\u2019 is the fourth \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in the sequence of tissue synthesis and nourishment. There is little doubt that the term \u2018Medas\u2019 indicates \u2018fat\u2019 in general and Adipose tissue in particular. 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There is little doubt that the term \u2018Medas\u2019 indicates \u2018fat\u2019 in general and Adipose tissue in particular. But the description of \u2018Abaddha\u2019 Medas (1) compel one to understand this \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=212\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-05-31T11:18:34+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-09T15:19:15+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Physiological Issues related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 with special reference to Obesity - Ayurveda Network, Banaras Hindu University\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Physiological Issues related to \u2018Medo Dhatu\u2019 with special reference to Obesity \u2018Medas\u2019 is the fourth \u2018Dhatu\u2019 in the sequence of tissue synthesis and nourishment. 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