{"id":2885,"date":"2021-11-21T10:16:06","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:16:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=2885"},"modified":"2021-12-10T11:40:59","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T11:40:59","slug":"module-on-classification-of-aushadha-dravya-in-brihat-trayee-by-dr-binay-sen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=2885","title":{"rendered":"Module on \u201cClassification of Aushadha Dravya in Brihat-Trayee\u201d By- Dr. Binay Sen"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YhxfCpXK9PU\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u201cCLASSIFICATION OF AUSHADHA DRAVYA IN BRIHAT-TRAYEE\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Dr. Binay Sen<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Assistant Professor, Department of Dravyaguna,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, VARANASI<\/p>\n<p><strong>CONTENTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Introduction (aushadha, dravya, aushadha dravya, classification)<\/li>\n<li>Necessity\/ application of classification<\/li>\n<li>Classification of aushadha dravya (basic, morphological, pharmacological, useful parts, number\/quantum &amp; specific classification)<\/li>\n<li>Discussion (Scope for future expansion)<\/li>\n<li>Conclusion<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Brihat-trayee consists of Charaka Samhit\u0101, Sushruta Samhit\u0101 and Asht\u0101nga Hriday\/ Asht\u0101nga Samgraha. All the general classification of <strong>Dravya<\/strong> (referred in previous lecture \u201c<strong>CLASSIFICATION OF \u0100H\u0100RA DRAVYA IN BRIHAT-TRAYEE\u201d<\/strong> is also applicable for the classification of Aushadha dravya. Useful parts of plant are referred under Audbhida gana (useful parts) (CS.Su.1\/73-74). The content of the presentation is designed on the basis of audbhida gana, morphological characters, pharmacological properties, action, uses, useful parts etc to classify the substances.Further, those useful parts are not found in Brihat-trayi in classification, are proposed here as a new idea of future classification technique. Commentator\u2019s views are referred for expansion of new classification also.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aushadha<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2888\" src=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GH.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"822\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GH.png 822w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GH-300x23.png 300w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GH-768x59.png 768w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GH-160x12.png 160w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/GH-696x53.png 696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(CS.Vi.8\/87)<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2889\" src=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-300x58.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-1024x197.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-768x148.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-160x31.jpg 160w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-1536x295.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-2048x393.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-696x134.jpg 696w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/HJ-1068x205.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(K\u0101shyapa Samhit\u0101. Khila-sth\u0101na.3)<\/p>\n<table width=\"652\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\"><strong>Synonyms <\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"388\"><strong>Meaning <\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">Oshadhi<\/td>\n<td width=\"388\">Being a locus of rasa (<em>osa<\/em>), it is oshadhi.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">Oshadha<\/td>\n<td width=\"388\">Using \u2018osa\u2019 disease free state is obtained, thus it is <em>oshadha<\/em>.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">Bheshaja<\/td>\n<td width=\"388\">To be known by <em>bhishak<\/em> (physician)\/ equipment or measures needed for making effort to balance dh\u0101tus by the physician.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">Bhaishajya<\/td>\n<td width=\"388\">Being beneficial for defeating diseases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">Agada<\/td>\n<td width=\"388\">On application leads to non-recurrence of <em>gada<\/em> (disease).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"264\">Kash\u0101ya<\/td>\n<td width=\"388\">Rubs the throat or expel out the disease or predominant use of <em>kash\u0101ya<\/em> (decoction) in all diseases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Dravya\/ Aushadha dravya<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dravya is derived from the verb \u2018<em>dru-gatau<\/em>\u2019, means \u2018<strong>movement\u2019<\/strong> or \u2018<strong>attainment\u2019<\/strong> in this context. It is the substratum of properties and action, inherent cause of its action. The dravya is used in form of anna (diets) &amp; aushadha (medicine) for maintenance of health and curing of diseases respectively.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aushadha dravya<\/strong>: When applied in forms of aushadha (medicine), due to its potency (<em>osa<\/em>), it causes <em>kshaya<\/em> (decrease) or <em>vriddhi<\/em> (increase) of <em>doshas<\/em>, to bring back <em>sth\u0101na\/s\u0101my\u0101vasth\u0101<\/em> (normalcy), the disease free state (<em>\u0101rogya<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Classification<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-2890 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"28\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4.png 197w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/4-160x23.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 197px) 100vw, 197px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2891 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"342\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6.jpg 342w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6-300x26.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/6-160x14.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 342px) 100vw, 342px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>(Dalhana, SS.Su.38\/3)<\/p>\n<p>The process of collecting indefinite or definite numbers of substances in a group is known as classification in Ayurveda. The group of drugs are also referred as <em>gana<\/em>, <em>varga<\/em>, <em>mah\u0101kash\u0101ya<\/em>, and sometimes adding suffix \u2018<em>\u0101di<\/em>\u2019 as <em>vid\u0101rigandh\u0101di<\/em>, <em>agurv\u0101di<\/em>, <em>maduk\u0101di<\/em> etc. The nomenclature of such group is given on the basis of different spectrum like properties, actions and so on.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NECESSITY\/ APPLICATION OF CLASSIFICATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Innumerable substances, need to grouping.<\/li>\n<li>To study the habitat, morphological characters, properties and actions.<\/li>\n<li>Systematic distribution for easy understanding, scientific study &amp; research.<\/li>\n<li>For easy referencing and cataloging.<\/li>\n<li>To avoid repetition.<\/li>\n<li>Identification purpose.<\/li>\n<li>Knowledge of hidden ideas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF AUSHADHA DRAVYA<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Basic classification<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>According to Source: (03) Audbhida\/ Sth\u0101vara (pants origin), J\u0101ngama (animal) &amp; Bhauma\/P\u0101rthiva (metals &amp; minerals) (CS.Su.1\/68-71; SS.Su.1\/28-32).<\/li>\n<li>According to Bhautika composition: P\u0101rthiva, \u0100pya, \u0100gneya, V\u0101yavya &amp; \u0100kash\u0101tmaka (CS.Su.26\/11)<\/li>\n<li>Acc to Vyap\u0101shraya (type of agents employed): Daiva (spiritual) &amp; Yukti (rational) (CS.Vi.8\/87).<\/li>\n<li>Acc to form (Anga): Dravyabhoota (Material) &amp; Adravya-bhoota (Non-material) (CS.Vi.8\/87, AS.Su.12\/3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Acc to application:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2892\" src=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"955\" height=\"705\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131.png 955w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131-300x221.png 300w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131-768x567.png 768w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131-160x118.png 160w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131-80x60.png 80w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131-696x514.png 696w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-131-569x420.png 569w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acc to habit: 04 types;<\/li>\n<li>Vanaspati: Trees with hypanthodium type inflorescence; eg. Vata, Plaksha, Udumbara<\/li>\n<li>V\u0101naspatya\/Vriksha: Trees with manifested florescence; eg. Amra, Jambu<\/li>\n<li>Virudh : Shrubs (gulma) and weak plants (lata)<\/li>\n<li>Oshadhi:<\/li>\n<li>Phalap\u0101k\u0101nta\/phalanishth\u0101 (dies after fruit ripen, eg. Sh\u0101li, Tila)<\/li>\n<li>P\u0101k\u0101nt\u0101\/ p\u0101kanishth\u0101 (dies after completely matured, eg. Durv\u0101, Chhatraka- all herbaceous plants) (CS.Su.1\/71-72, SS.Su.1\/29; Ck.CS.Su.1\/68-73, Dal. SS.Su.1\/29.<\/li>\n<li>Acc to variety: Chatasra Kosh\u0101taki: Brihatphal\u0101, Alpaphal\u0101, Pitapushp\u0101 &amp; Swetapushp\u0101 (Dal.SS.Su.11\/11)<\/li>\n<li>Mah\u0101kosh\u0101taki- <em>Luffa cylindrica <\/em><\/li>\n<li>Kosh\u0101taki\/kritavedhana-<em> acutangula <\/em><\/li>\n<li>Tikta kritavedhana- <em> acutangula <\/em>var. <em>amara <\/em><\/li>\n<li>Devad\u0101li- <em> echinata <\/em><\/li>\n<li>Vatsan\u0101bha- 04, Mustaka- 02, Sarshapa- 06 (SS.Kal.2\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Mahatpanchamoola (roots of 5 big trees)<\/li>\n<li>Kaniya-panchamoola (roots of 5 small plants)<\/li>\n<li>Vallipanchamoola (roots of 5 creeper\/weak plants)<\/li>\n<li>Kantaka panchamoola (roots of 5 thorny plants)<\/li>\n<li>Trina-panchamoola (roots of 5 grasses) (SS.Su.38\/66-75)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Acc to habitat :<\/li>\n<li>Haimavat\u0101 (habitat in Himalaya\/ northern region) &amp; Dakshinapathag\u0101 (habitat in southern region) (SS.Ci.4\/29) [Kasturi, Shati, Kustha, Devadaru etc\u2026Chandana, J\u0101tiphala, Lavanga etc.-Dalhana]<\/li>\n<li>\u0100nupa &amp; Sthalaja Kleetaka (CS.Su.1\/81)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Acc to sexuality: Kutajadwaya-Pum &amp; Stree (CS.Ka.5\/3-5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pharmacological Classification<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Acc to Pharmacodynamic properties<\/li>\n<li>Rasa (Taste):<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0100sth\u0101pana dravya (06): Madhura-Amla-Lavana-Katu-Tikta &amp; Kash\u0101ya skandha (CS.Vi.8\/139-144). In Sushruta Samhita, they are referred as Madhura-Amla- Lavana-Katu-Tikta &amp; Kash\u0101ya varga (SS.Su.42\/11).<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Gandha (smell): Gandh\u0101 (aromatic plants) (CS.Su.5\/27; SS.Ci.4\/29), Sarvagandha\/Sarvagandhika (SS.Ka.3\/12, Ut. 27\/20, 31\/6), Trij\u0101taka, Chaturj\u0101taka (AH.Su.6\/160), Mukhavaishadya\/ sugandhi kara (SS.Su.46\/485-86, CS.Su.5\/76-7).<\/li>\n<li>Veerya (potency): Chandan\u0101di-tailam (Ci.3\/258), Agurv\u0101dy-tailam (Ci.3\/267), Agurupatr\u0101dya (CS. Su.5\/27; Agurv\u0101dya minus Kushtha &amp; Tagara; because of excessive sharpness, there is fear of mastulunga-sr\u0101va-Chakrap\u0101ni). Mridu : \u0100malaki etc. Madhya: Bilwa, Agnimantha etc. Tikshna : Shunthi etc. (CK, CS.Su.2\/17).<\/li>\n<li>Karma (action):<\/li>\n<li>Dosha-prashamana\/Shamana (pacifying): \u0100malaki, Haritaki<\/li>\n<li>Dh\u0101tu-pradushana\/Kopana (Aggravating): M\u0101sha, Dadhi, Visha.<\/li>\n<li>Svasthavrittau matam\/Swasthahita (Maintaining homeostasis) (CS.Su.1.67, AH.Su.1\/16): Rakta-sh\u0101li (CS.Su.25\/38), Ras\u0101yana (CS.Ci.1) &amp; V\u0101jikarana (CS.Ci.2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pharmaco-therapeutic Classification<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50 Mah\u0101kash\u0101ya (CS.Su.4): As per use in different systems.<\/li>\n<li>GIT system: Deepaniya, Vamanopaga, Virechanopaga<\/li>\n<li>Respiratory: Shv\u0101sahara, K\u0101sahara<\/li>\n<li>Hemopoetic &amp; Vascular: Shonitasth\u0101pana, Hridya<\/li>\n<li>Reproductive System: Shukrajanana, Praj\u0101sth\u0101pana<\/li>\n<li>Urinary: Mootra (samgrahaniya, virechaniya, virajaniya)<\/li>\n<li>Nervous: Sangy\u0101sth\u0101pana<\/li>\n<li>Dhatus: Jeevaniya,. Brimhaniya, Balya<\/li>\n<li>Skin: Svedopaga, Kandughna, Kushthaghna, Varnya etc.<\/li>\n<li>Vid\u0101rigandh\u0101di 37 Groups (SS.Su.38).<\/li>\n<li>Samshodhana 4 &amp; Samshamana 3 group (SS.Su.39\/3-9; AS.Su.14).<\/li>\n<li>33 groups (AH.Su.15): Jeevaniya of Charaka &amp; rest of Sushruta.<\/li>\n<li>45 Mah\u0101kash\u0101ya (AS.Su.15) of CS (Vamanopaga to shirovirechanopaga 5 mah\u0101kash\u0101ya of Charaka are not mentioned).<\/li>\n<li>Avajayana\/ Shamana varga: 3(V\u0101ta, Pitta &amp; Kapha) (CS.Vi.6\/16-18)<\/li>\n<li>Shodhana varga<\/li>\n<li>Vamana\/ urdhwabh\u0101gahara dravya- (CS.Su.2\/7-8, Vi.8\/135; SS.Su.39\/3)<\/li>\n<li>Virechana\/ Adhobh\u0101gahara dravya (CS.Su.2\/9-10, Vi.8\/136; SS.Su.39\/4)<\/li>\n<li>\u0100sthapana dravya (CS.Su.2\/11-13, Vi.8\/137-48)<\/li>\n<li>Anuv\u0101sana dravya (CS.Su.2\/14, Vi.8\/150)<\/li>\n<li>Shirovirechana dravya (CS.Su.2\/3-5, Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Ubhayotabh\u0101gahara (SS.Su.39\/5)<\/li>\n<li>Dhoomopayogi dravya: 3 groups useful for medicated smoking (Pr\u0101yogika, snaihika &amp; tikshna dhoomopayogi) (AS.Su.14\/7-9).<\/li>\n<li>According to route of administration<\/li>\n<li>Antah-parim\u0101rjaniya: Panchak\u0101rmika dravya (CS.Su.2)<\/li>\n<li>Bahih-parimarjaniya : 32 external application of medicated paste (CS.Su.3)<\/li>\n<li>As per use in Shadopakrama: Langhaniya, Brimhaniya, Rukshaniya, Snehaniya, Swedaniya &amp; Stambhaniya dravya (CS.Su.22)<\/li>\n<li>As per specific indication:<\/li>\n<li>Panch\u0101mla (Kola, d\u0101dima, vriksh\u0101mla, ch\u0101ngeri, chukrik\u0101)- pacifies thirst (CS.Ci.24\/151).<\/li>\n<li>Panchatikta (Patola, nimba, bhunimba, r\u0101sn\u0101 &amp; saptaparna)- cures meha, kushtha (CS.Si.8\/8-9).<\/li>\n<li>Panchakash\u0101ya (Tinduka, haritaki, lodhra, samang\u0101 &amp; \u0101malaki)- ear disease (SS.Ut.21\/42,46-Dal.).<\/li>\n<li>Agrya Aushadhi (CS.Su.25\/40, AH.Ut.40\/48-58, AS.Su.13\/2)<\/li>\n<li>Nidr\u0101kara (CS.Su.21\/52-54)<\/li>\n<li>Sangy\u0101-prabodhana (CS.Su.24\/46-49)<\/li>\n<li>Mukhashodhana (CS.Su.5\/76-77)<\/li>\n<li>Mukhavaishadyakara (SS.Su.46\/485-86)<\/li>\n<li>Danta-shodhana (CS.Su.5\/73)<\/li>\n<li>Garbha-sth\u0101pana (CS.Sa.8\/24)<\/li>\n<li>Garbha-vriddhikara (CS.Sa.8\/27)<\/li>\n<li>Apar\u0101p\u0101tana (CS.Sa.8\/41, SS.Sa.2\/10)<\/li>\n<li>Rakshoghna (CS.Sa.8\/47, SS.Su.5\/18, 19\/28, 37\/21 etc.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anup\u0101na varga:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any liquid substance used either mixing with drug or after taking the drug is called anup\u0101na (vehicle\/after-drink). Sushruta indipendently described anup\u0101na varga (SS.Su.46\/422-445). Charaka has described it (without naming group) after completion of \u0101h\u0101ra-varga (Su.27\/319-28).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pharmaceutical classification<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>09 types \u0100sava yoni (sources of fermented liquors)-<\/li>\n<li>Dh\u0101ny\u0101sava (cereals)-06, Phal\u0101sava (fruits)-26, Mool\u0101sava (roots)- 11, S\u0101r\u0101sava (heartwoods)-20, \u00a0Pushp\u0101sava(flowers)- 10, \u00a0Kand\u0101sava (stems)- 04, Patr\u0101sava (leaves)- 02, Twag\u0101sava (barks)- 04, \u00a0Sharkar\u0101sava (<em>Themeda arundinaceae )<\/em>-01\u00a0 (CS.Su.25\/49).<\/li>\n<li>Panchas\u0101ra: A drink made of boiled milk along with hand macerated sugar, pippali, honey &amp; ghee (SS.Ut.39\/254-55 &amp; Dalhana).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>According to useful parts<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are many references of useful parts and classification accordingly are found in Brihat-trayee. Audbhida gana (CS.Su.1\/73-74), 6 categories\u00a0 of Shadvirechana-\u0101shraya (latex, root, bark, leaf, flower &amp; fruit) (CS.Su.4\/5) and categories of Shiro-virechaniya dravya (fruits, leaves, roots, tubers, flowers, exudates &amp; barks) (CS.Vi.8\/151) may be referred for this classification. Sushruta also added heartwood, inorganic substances, fermented beverages and excretions under shiro-virechana dravya (SS.Su.39\/6).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Root:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Panchamoola (total-7)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-2893\" src=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1142\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133.png 1142w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-1024x547.png 1024w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-768x410.png 768w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-160x85.png 160w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-696x372.png 696w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-1068x570.png 1068w, https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Screenshot-133-786x420.png 786w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1142px) 100vw, 1142px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>16 Moolini dravya (Su.1\/77-80)<\/li>\n<li>Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Twak (bark)<\/li>\n<li>Pancha-valkala (CS.Ci.30\/62)<\/li>\n<li>Ksheerini dravya: (CS.Su.1\/114-15)<\/li>\n<li>Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>S\u0101ra: Shalasaradi gana (SS.Su.38\/8; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Niry\u0101sa : Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Ksh\u0101ra: (SS.Su.11\/11), Sarvakshara (CS.Su.27\/306)<\/li>\n<li>Ksheera: Ksheerini dravya (CS.Su.1\/114-15), Kshirivriksha (SS.Ut.39\/257)<\/li>\n<li>Phala (fruits): 19 Phalini dravya (CS.Su.1\/80-83), Triphal\u0101 (SS.Su.38\/56), Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6).<\/li>\n<li>Pushpa (flowers): Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6), Madhookapushp\u0101di (SS.Ut.48\/26, Raktapittaghna gana-Dal.)<\/li>\n<li>Taila: CS.Su.27\/286-94; SS.Su.45\/112-31<\/li>\n<li>Patra (leaf): Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Kanda (tubers): Shiro-virechaniya dravya (CS.Vi.8\/151; SS.Su.39\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Miscellaneous:<\/li>\n<li>Pancha-shirisha (CS.Ci.23\/218)<\/li>\n<li>Panchagavya (SS.Ut.39\/240-42)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Acc to number\/quantum of drugs used<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sthir\u0101di (21drugs CS.Ci.9\/ 42, Ci.26\/74)<\/li>\n<li>Phal\u0101di-1 (Madanaphala etc 6 drugs; Ka.2\/13, 1\/6, 6\/11,12)<\/li>\n<li>Phal\u0101di-2 (7 shiro-virechana dravya; CS.Si.9\/96)<\/li>\n<li>Panchakola (AH.Su.6\/166)<\/li>\n<li>Triphal\u0101 (SS.Su.38\/56)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Specific Classification<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u0101sna-sthir\u0101di (CS.Ci.26\/ 160)<\/li>\n<li>Sh\u0101k\u0101di (CS.Ka.1\/14)<\/li>\n<li>Kovid\u0101r\u0101di (CS.Ka.1\/16, 6\/10)<\/li>\n<li>Kshir\u0101di (CS.Ka.1\/12; 6\/5)<\/li>\n<li>Kusum\u0101di (CS.Ka.6\/5)<\/li>\n<li>Madhuk\u0101di (CS.Ka.6\/6)<\/li>\n<li>Shaty\u0101di &amp; Brihaty\u0101di (CS.Ci.3\/211-14)<\/li>\n<li>Katak\u0101di (CS.Ci.26\/74).<\/li>\n<li>Divya aushadhis (Ci.1-4\/7-10)<\/li>\n<li>Mahaushadhi (SS.Ci.30\/5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>DISCUSSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The word \u2018Aushadha\u2019 is also synonymous to Chikits\u0101-karma (therapy). Hence 3 types of aushadha; eg. Apakarshana, Prakriti-vigh\u0101ta &amp; Nid\u0101naty\u0101ga; Hetuviparita, vyadhiviparita &amp; ubhayarthakari etc (AS.Su.12\/5-6) are not referred here.<\/li>\n<li>The term \u2018oshadhi\u2019 also refers to herbaceous plant (CS.Su.1\/72) in specific and all medicinal plants (CS.Su.1\/120-22) in general.<\/li>\n<li>The classification of aushadha dravya in Brihat-trayee is mostly pharmacological classification.<\/li>\n<li>In a group (mahakashaya, skandha, varga, gana), inductive approach is adopted i.e the number of drugs are symbolic only. The wise can include, exclude, subtract or re-grouped as per the doshik variation. Drugs having similar properties, indication or action are kept in a group, eg. Jeevaniya mahakashaya, Madhura skandha, vatasamshamaniya varga, Vid\u0101rigandh\u0101di gana etc.<\/li>\n<li>Charaka Samhit\u0101, being a school of medicine, classification of drugs mostly seen on the basis of medicinal uses; whereas Sushruta added groups of surgical and para-surgical too. V\u0101gbhata compiled both in many instances. Aushadha varga a unique classification of Anna-dravya by V\u0101gbhata. Lavana, ksh\u0101ra, single drugs like hingu, haritaki and groups triphal\u0101, trij\u0101ta, panchakola, 5 panchamoola are described in aushadha varga (AH.Su.6\/143-71).<\/li>\n<li>Lavana, Sarva-ksh\u0101ra found place in Aushadha varga in AH, whereas Charaka described under Ah\u0101rayogi &amp; Sushruta as separate groups (lavana varga, kshara varga under annadravya).<\/li>\n<li>For a single group, more than one basis of nomenclature may be applied, eg. Vata, Udumbara, Ashwattha, P\u0101risha and Plaksha are classified as Panchavalkala (when bark is used) and Pancha-ksheerivriksha (latex), trikatu (3\/pungent drugs) etc.<\/li>\n<li>It is observed that the classification of dravya is applicable for both the aushadha and \u0101h\u0101ra dravya. Similarly substances are classified with the objectives of application into either group (aushadha and ahara) or inter se. The aushadha varga of Vagbhata, incorporated lavana, kshara and other spices used as ahara-yogi (food additive and preservatives) by Charaka, indicating that such substances are also having medicinal values apart from their primary function in adding with foods. Mootra (urine), Dh\u0101tu (metals) and Ratna (gems) are mostly used as medicine though included in Dravadravya and Annadravya by Sushrata. Similarly, many substances of Phala, Sh\u0101ka, Harita varga of Annadravya are used as medicine. Hence it is clear that same substance is used as either form, and Chakrapani clearly demarcated \u0101h\u0101ra dravya predominantly of rasa (taste) and aushadha of veerya (potency). This statement further quantifies the volume of intake. Since the classification has multi dimensional approach, newer technique may be adopted for further classification of aushadha dravya in present era.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Scope for future expansion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Every substances can be used as medicine with definite objectives and rationalism (CS.Su.26\/12) and the number of drugs in a group, is just a figure for practical knowledge (CS.Su.4\/27-28). It could be said that as dravyas, their combinations (inter-group), adjunction, disjunction (intra-group), rasa, anurasa etc properties &amp; objectives of their use are innumerable, hence classification could be innumerable.\u00a0 This is substantiated by many textual references like combination and permutation of rasa (CS.Su.26\/23; Su.25\/49) and other contexts (CS.Vi.8\/138,149; SS.Su.38\/82). A group may be combined with another or several other groups based on reasoning and rationality (same rasa, same vip\u0101ka, same prabh\u0101va etc). Here some examples of extension of classification are given;<\/p>\n<p><strong>New nomenclature<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bhadr\u0101di gana for v\u0101tasamshamana varga (Dal, SS.Ci.7\/14), Haritaky\u0101di for triphal\u0101 (SS.Ci.7\/26) have been referred in text. Hence, Mandukaparny\u0101di ras\u0101yana for Medhya-ras\u0101yana (Ci.1-3\/30-31), Brahmasuvarchal\u0101di ras\u0101yana for Divya-aushadhi (CS.Ci.1-3\/7), a new nomenclature may be adopted.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Creation of New varga<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Under audbhida gana (plant parts used), 18 groups are referred (CS.Su.1\/73-74). Out of which N\u0101la\/da (stalks-lotus), Swarasa (expressed juice-neem, v\u0101saka), Pallava (tender leaves-j\u0101ti), Bhasma (ash), Kantaka (thorns-sh\u0101lmali), Shunga (leaf-buds, vata) and Praroha (sprouts\/ariel routs-nyagrodha) are not found as independent group. These may be created as new group. Similarly, reference of Phala-majj\u0101 is found (SS.Su.46\/205-207), Hence, \u2018<em>Phala-majja varga<\/em>\u2019 may be created including Haritaki, Vibhitaka, V\u0101t\u0101d, J\u0101tiphala etc. \u2018<em>Beeja-kosha (aril) varga<\/em>\u2019 including Padmakarnik\u0101, J\u0101vitri etc is another example.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Number of drugs used<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Eksara gana (SS.Ka.5\/85-86) is an example which is indicated to be taken in a number of one, two, three and so on. Similarly, entire group, its half, in a fraction or whatever drug is available should be considered for use (SS.Su.37\/33, 38\/82). Hence, this is a classical idea by which we can create many sub-classification of a designated group.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Classification of Aushadha dravya is mainly based on pharmacological properties and action.<\/li>\n<li>Plant origin classification is predominant followed by animal origin and inorganic substances.<\/li>\n<li>Classification provides data related to morphological characters, habitat, identification, useful parts, pharmacological properties and action.<\/li>\n<li>Multi-approach classification is observed.<\/li>\n<li>Specific classification with specific objectives is also found.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>MCQs<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"623\">1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In the word \u2018Oshadhi\u2019, osa means<\/p>\n<p>A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ojas<\/p>\n<p>B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Rasa<\/p>\n<p>C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Guna<\/p>\n<p>D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 All the above<\/p>\n<p>2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 According to anga, bheshaja is of<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 2 types<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a03 types<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a04 types<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a05 types<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Example of Vanaspati is<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Vata<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Udumbara<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Plaksha<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0All the above<\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Variety of kosh\u0101taki described by Sushruta<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 2<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a03<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a04<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a05<\/p>\n<p>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Example of Haimavat\u0101 (habitat in Himalaya\/ northern region)<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Kustha<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Chandana,<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0J\u0101tiphala<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Lavanga<\/p>\n<p>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Example of Dakshinapathag\u0101 (habitat in southern region)<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Kasturi<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Shati<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0J\u0101tiphala<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Devad\u0101ru<\/p>\n<p>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0100nupa &amp; Sthalaja are the type of<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Mustaka<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Kutaja<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Vatsanabha<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Kleetaka<\/p>\n<p>8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aushadha varga is mentioned by<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Charaka<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Sushruta<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0V\u0101gbhata<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0K\u0101shyapa<\/p>\n<p>9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Numbers of Skandha of \u0100sth\u0101pana dravya described by Charaka<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 5<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a06<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a07<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a08<\/p>\n<p>10.\u00a0 Which one statement is correct for group \u2018Agurupatr\u0101dya\u2019<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Agurv\u0101dya except Kushtha<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Agurv\u0101dya except Tagara<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Agurv\u0101dya except Kushtha and Tagara (Nata)<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0None of the above<\/p>\n<p>11.\u00a0 \u00a0According to Chakrapani, Mridu-veerya dravya is<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Bilwa<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Agnimantha<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Shunthi<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0100malaki<\/p>\n<p>12.\u00a0 Which one statement is correct for Panch\u0101mla<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0It pacifies thirst<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0It cures meha<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0It cures kushtha<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 Indicated in ear disease<\/p>\n<p>13.\u00a0 \u00a0Agrya Aushadhis are described by Charaka in<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Sutra-sth\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Vim\u0101na-sth\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Chikits\u0101-sth\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Kalpa-sth\u0101na<\/p>\n<p>14.\u00a0 On the basis of useful parts, Shiro-virechaniya dravya are classified into<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 5 types<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a06 types<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 7 types<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a09 types<\/p>\n<p>15.\u00a0 Which statement is correct for \u2018Trinapanchamoola\u2019 ingredients in Sushruta Samhit\u0101 and Asht\u0101nga Hridaya<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Darbha and K\u0101sha are common.<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Shara and Sh\u0101li are common<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Kusha and Nala \u00a0are common<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Kusha and k\u0101sha are common.<\/p>\n<p>16.\u00a0 Jala-pras\u0101daniya group is first described by<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Charaka<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 Sushruta<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 V\u0101gbhata<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 Vriddha V\u0101gbhat<\/p>\n<p>17.\u00a0 Which statement is correct for Lavana<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Charaka has described it under Ah\u0101rayogi<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 Sushruta described it as an independent group<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 V\u0101gbhata has described under Aushadha varga<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 All of the above<\/p>\n<p>18.\u00a0 The group of five drugs namely Vata, Udumbara, Ashwattha, P\u0101risha and Plaksha is known as<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Pancha-valkala<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 Pancha-ksheerivriksha<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 Both a &amp; b<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 None of \u00a0the above<\/p>\n<p>19.\u00a0 A classical example to use one, two or three drugs from a designated group is<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Ekasara<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 Sthir\u0101di<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 R\u0101sna-sthir\u0101di<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 Shaty\u0101di<\/p>\n<p>20.\u00a0 Which gana is also referred as v\u0101tasamshamana varga by Sushruta<\/p>\n<p>(a)\u00a0\u00a0 Haritaky\u0101di<\/p>\n<p>(b)\u00a0\u00a0 Bhadr\u0101di<\/p>\n<p>(c)\u00a0\u00a0 Amalakyadi<\/p>\n<p>(d)\u00a0\u00a0 Triphal\u0101<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Keys to MCQ<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\"><strong>Q.No<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"198\"><strong>Answer<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"359\"><strong>Reference<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">1.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">B<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">K\u0101shyapa Samhit\u0101. Khila-sth\u0101na.3\/27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">2.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Vi.8\/87<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">3.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">D<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">Chakrap\u0101ni, CS.Su.1\/68-73, Dalhana SS.Su.1\/29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">4.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">C<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">SS.Su.11\/11<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">5.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">Dalhana, SS.Ci.4\/29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">6.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">C<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">Dalhana, SS.Ci.4\/29<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">7.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">D<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Su.1\/81<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">8.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">C<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">AH.Su.6\/143<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">9.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">B<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Vi.8\/139-144<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">10.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">C<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">Chakrap\u0101ni, CS. Su.5\/27<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">11.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">Chakrap\u0101ni, CS.Su.2\/17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">12.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Ci.24\/151<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">13.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Su.25\/40<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">14.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">C<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Vi.8\/151<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">15.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">SS.Su.38\/75; AH.Su.6\/171<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">16.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">B<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">SS.Ut.45\/17<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">17.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">D<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Su.27\/300-304 ; SS.Su.46\/313; AH.Su.6\/143-49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">18.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">C<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">CS.Ci.30\/62; SS.Ut.39\/257<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">19.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">A<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">SS.Ka.5\/85-86<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"123\">20.<\/td>\n<td width=\"198\">B<\/td>\n<td width=\"359\">Dalhana, SS.Ci.7\/14 &amp; SS.Su.39\/7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>References<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Charaka Samhit\u0101. Available from: http:\/\/niimh.nic.in\/ebooks\/echarak (Accessed on 03 March 2021).<\/li>\n<li>Sushruta Samhit\u0101. Available from: http:\/\/niimh.nic.in\/ebooks\/esushruta (Accessed on 03 March 2021).<\/li>\n<li>Acharya Y T (editor). <em>Charaka Samhit\u0101<\/em> of <em>Agnivesha<\/em> with <em>\u2018Ayurveda-Dipik\u0101<\/em>\u2019commentary by <em>Chakrapanidatta<\/em>, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 2000.<\/li>\n<li>Acharya J T &amp; Acharya N R (editors). <em>Sushruta Samhit\u0101<\/em> of <em>Sushruta<\/em> with <em>\u2018Nibandhasangraha\u2019<\/em> commentary by <em>Dalhana<\/em>, Chaukhamba Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi, 2003.<\/li>\n<li>Hari Shastri Paradakara (editor), Asht\u0101nga Hridayam of V\u0101gbhata with commentaries \u2018Sarv\u0101ngasundar\u0101\u2019 of Arunadatta &amp; \u2018Ayurvedaras\u0101yana\u2019 of Hem\u0101dri, Reprint Edition 9<sup>th<\/sup>, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, 2005.<\/li>\n<li>Sharma S P (editor), Asht\u0101nga Samgraha of Vriddha V\u0101gbhata Shashilekha commentary by Indu, 1<sup>st<\/sup> edn, Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Varanasi, 2006<\/li>\n<li>Tewari P V (editor &amp; translator), K\u0101shyapa Samhita, 1<sup>st<\/sup> edn, Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi, 1996<\/li>\n<li>Priya Vrat Sharma (editor &amp; translator). Charaka Samhit\u0101 (Text with English Translation), vol.I, Reprint Edition, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi 2011.<\/li>\n<li>Priya Vrat Sharma (editor &amp; translator). Charaka Samhit\u0101 (Critical Notes), vol. III, 6<sup>th<\/sup> Edition, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi 2001.<\/li>\n<li>Priya Vrat Sharma (editor &amp; translator). Sushruta Samhit\u0101 (with English translation of texts and Dalhana\u2019s commentary along with critical notes), vol. I, 1<sup>st<\/sup> Edition, Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi 1999.<\/li>\n<li>Satya Deo Dubey and Anugrah Narain Singh, Basic Concepts of Dravyaguna Vijn\u0101na, 1<sup>st<\/sup> Edition, Chaukhambha Visvabharati, Varanasi 2014.<\/li>\n<li>V V Prasad (editor), P V Sharma &amp; S R Talmale (author). 2002, Plants and other drugs of Sushruta Samhit\u0101 Saptadhy\u0101yi, Rashtriya Ayurveda Vidyapeeth Publication, New Delhi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cCLASSIFICATION OF AUSHADHA DRAVYA IN BRIHAT-TRAYEE\u201d Dr. Binay Sen Assistant Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU, VARANASI CONTENTS Introduction (aushadha, dravya, aushadha dravya, classification) Necessity\/ application of classification Classification of aushadha dravya (basic, morphological, pharmacological, useful parts, number\/quantum &amp; specific classification) Discussion (Scope for future expansion) Conclusion\u00a0 INTRODUCTION Brihat-trayee consists of Charaka [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":2886,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"video","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[116,268,43,124,54],"tags":[253,190,185,191,188,183,222,186,189,184,252,255,249,254,50],"class_list":["post-2885","post","type-post","status-publish","format-video","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-complete-module","category-dr-binay-sen","category-dravyaguna","category-guest-feature","category-videos","tag-aushadha-dravya","tag-ayurveda-2021","tag-ayurveda-bhu","tag-ayurveda-controversy","tag-ayurveda-lecture","tag-ayurveda-network","tag-ayurveda-network-bhu","tag-ayurveda-new-drugs","tag-ayurveda-video","tag-bhu-2021","tag-classification-of-aushadha-dravya-in-brihat-trayee","tag-classification-of-dravya","tag-dr-binay-sen","tag-how-to-find-aushadha-dravya","tag-video-lecture","post_format-post-format-video"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - 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