{"id":3737,"date":"2022-11-05T06:53:09","date_gmt":"2022-11-05T06:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=3737"},"modified":"2022-12-09T07:13:23","modified_gmt":"2022-12-09T07:13:23","slug":"lecture-note-ayurveda-perspectives-on-the-physiology-of-blood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/?p=3737","title":{"rendered":"Lecture Note: Ayurveda Perspectives on the \u00a0Physiology of Blood"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>Ayurveda Perspectives on the Physiology of Blood<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #b408bd;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Prof. Sangeeta Gehlot<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><span style=\"color: #333333;\">MD (Ayu.)Ph.D.<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333333;\">Department of Kriya Sharir<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #333333;\">faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU<\/span><\/p>\n<p>based on the lecture available at <a href=\"https:\/\/ayurvedanetworkbhu.com\/lecture-on-ayurveda-perspectives-on-physiology-blood-prof-sangeeta-gehlot\/\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>Ayurveda Perspectives on the Physiology of Blood<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0 Ayurvedic physiology is based on Tridosha, Dhatu, Agni, Mala, and Srotas. Among seven Dhatus, the first one is Rasa while Rakta Dhatu is the second Dhatu. Blood is the liquid connective tissue that is in fluid form. Rasa and Rakta all together can be considered as blood because both are liquid and in continuous circulation in an intravascular compartment and their measurement is described in \u201cAnjali Pramana\u201d. Rasa is formed after the complete digestion of food and due to its continuous circulation, it is called \u2018Rasa.The function of Rasa Dhatu is \u2018Preenana\u2019 means nutrition. The Rakta Dhatu has been considered as the most vital tissue among all seven Dhatus since it has been considered as \u2018Pranayatana\u2019 or a \u2018seat of life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0926\u0936\u0948\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u0941\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093e \u092f\u0947\u0937\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0920\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0903 \u00a0|<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0936\u0919\u094d\u0916\u094c \u092e\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u094d\u0920\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094c\u091c\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0926\u092e\u094d||<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>Ch.Su. 29\/3<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>In the body \u2018Prana\u2019 or vital life force resides in 10 places.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Shankha \u2013Temporal region<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Marma Traya \u2013 Heart, Bladder, and Head<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kantha \u2013 Throat.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rakta \u2013 Blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Shukra \u2013 Semen<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ojas \u2013 immune system.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Guda- Rectum.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0The word \u2018Rakta\u2019 is derived by adding \u2018kta\u2019 prefix in \u2018Ranja\u2019 Dhatu. Amarkoshakar has described the synonym of Rakta as-<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rudhir, Lohit, Asraj,Shonit, Kshataja.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 In circulation \u2018Rakta\u2019 Dhatu mixed with Rasa Dhatu circulates in the body. If we separate the Rasa dhatu i.e. the plasma then the remaining part can be said as \u2018Rakta\u2019<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0924\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u0939\u093f \u0930\u0941\u0927\u093f\u0930\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0938\u0941\u0916\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0937\u093e|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092f\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0903 \u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0947||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nCh.Su. 24\/4<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Here Prana means oxygen. Oxygen is transported to body tissues by combining with the hemoglobin (Hb) of R.B.C. Modern physiology has also considered blood as a fluid of life. Blood carries oxygen from the lungs to all the parts of the body. And also blood carries carbon dioxide from all the parts of the body to the lungs.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Description of Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0930\u091e\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947\u091c\u0938\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092a\u0903 \u0936\u0930\u0940\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0947\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u094d|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0905\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0928 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f\u092d\u093f\u0927\u0940\u092f\u0924\u0947 ||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\nSu.Su. 14\/5<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rasa is the first Dhatu formed after complete digestion of food. Due to the continuous circulation it is called as Rasa Dhatu.Rakta Dhatu is the unvitiated, clear red colored fluid formed from the Aapya (watery) Rasa by the action of Tejas (Ranjaka Pitta) present in body. When Raktagini acts on Rasa Dhatu from the Prasadabhaga \u00a0Rakta dhatu is formed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Rakta Nirukti:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0930\u091c \u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u0928 \u0930\u0902\u091c\u0928\u0903 \u0930\u093e\u0917\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0903 \u0930\u093e\u0917\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d \u091a \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u092e\u094d \u0907\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093fl<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Rasa and Rakta Dhatu-<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0930\u0938\u0924\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0938\u094b \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0930\u0941\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947, \u0924\u0947\u0928 \u0930\u0941\u0927\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u093e\u092e\u092a\u093f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0923\u093e\u0902 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0939\u0923\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f|<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Ch.Chi.15\/36)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While describing the circulation of Rasa by the action of Vyan Vayu , Chakrapani has described Rasa as which includes all the circulating fluid in body including Rakta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u201c\u0924\u0947\u091c\u094b\u092d\u0942\u0924\u0903 \u092a\u0930\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0903 \u0938 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0938 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947l<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Aantanka Darpan on M.N.33\/4 )<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vijayrakshit commenting on Madhav Nidan commentary i.e. in Aatanka Darpan has explained Rasa Rakta as the minutest and completely digested material. It can be used only after the absorption of digested material because after that it circulates in the blood. As acute blood loss of more than 10 percent leads to a condition like hypovolemic shock which may be fatal.According to Susruta Rakta Dhatu is also responsible for increase or decrease in other Dhatus. Blood supplies nutrition to all the tissues and if it is itself deficient will lead to improper nutrition to all the tissues. Also, ischemia and hypoxia may lead to tissue death. Hence, nutritional status of all the tissue depends on the status of Rasa and Rakta Dhatu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Formation of Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">All Dhatus get nourishment through Aahara Rasa. They also get nourishment from the preceding Dhatu i.e. Rakta Dhatu gets nourished by Sukshma Bhag of Rasa Dhatu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0924\u0947\u091c\u094b \u0930\u0938\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u093e\u0902 \u092e\u0928\u0941\u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u0926\u0941\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947|<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0923\u0903 \u0938 \u0930\u093e\u0917\u0947\u0923 \u0930\u0938\u094b \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092e\u0943\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0924\u093f||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Ch.Chi.15\/28)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0The Teja of Rasa in human beings with the heat of Pitta acquiring red color brings redness to Rasa and transformed into Rakta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0938 \u0916\u0932\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092a\u094d\u092f\u094b \u0930\u0938\u094b \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0939\u093e\u0928\u094c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0917\u092e\u0941\u092a\u0948\u0924\u093f ||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Su 14\/4)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Susruta has mentioned that Rasa Dhatu which is predominant in water content after reaching in liver and spleen is converted into Rakta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0939\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0903 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0924\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094d \u0930\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0915\u094b\u093d\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e, \u0938 \u0930\u0938\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0930\u093e\u0917\u0915\u0943\u0926\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0903I<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Su 21\/10)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">While describing Ranjaka Pitta, Sushruta has mentioned that Pitta which resides in the liver and spleen performs the coloration of Rasa into Rakta is known as Ranjakagini. Sharangdhar has also mentioned that the pitta which resides in the liver converts Rasa into Rakta i.e. Ranjakapitta. The entire nutrients required for the synthesis of blood cells are taken from Rasa Dhatu. The liver synthesizes haem, clotting factors and proteins of plasma, and nutrients like vitamin B12, folic acid<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong><u>Role of Stomach in Erythropoesis<\/u><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0906\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0902 \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0930\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0915\u0902 \u0930\u0938\u0930\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(A.H.Su. 12\/13)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0906\u092e\u093e\u0936\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0930\u0938\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0930\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u091e\u094d\u091c\u0915\u092e\u094d||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(As.Sam.Su.20)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Vagbhata has mentioned the stomach as the site of Ranjaka pitta which is responsible for the coloring of Rasa. It means he was aware of the role of the stomach in erythropoiesis because the intrinsic factor is synthesized by the parietal cells of the stomach. Intrinsic factor is required for the absorption of Vitamin B12 and for the DNA synthesis of R.B.C. precursors in the bone marrow.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chakrapani while commenting on Ch.Su.28\/4 has included the view of Harita. According to which transformation of Rasa into Rakta takes place in seven days.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">1<sup>st<\/sup> day \u2013 White color<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">2<sup>nd<\/sup> day \u2013 Kapota color<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">3<sup>rd<\/sup> day- Greenish color<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">4<sup>th<\/sup> day- Haridra color<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">5<sup>th<\/sup> day \u2013 Padmaka color<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">6<sup>th<\/sup> day \u2013 Kinshulka color<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">7<sup>th<\/sup> day \u2013 Aalta color (dark red )<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Role of bone marrow ( Majja dhatu) in erythropoiesis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0937\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0947\u0923 \u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u092d\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924\u0903 |<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0905\u0925\u0947\u0924\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0941 \u00a0\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0941 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0926 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 |<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Sha.4\/13).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0Majja Dhatu also plays an important role in formation of Rakta Dhatu.Majja is present in the cavities of large bone In large bones where as Sarakta Meda is present in cavities of small bones. At the time of birth, all marrow is red bone marrow. But with the advancement of age, some of it is converted into yellow bone marrow. Red bone marrow is present in ribs, vertebrae, sternum cranium and upper part of long bones. Red bone marrow is precursor of blood cells. Ratio of blood cell precursor and fat cells is 1:1.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092e\u091c\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u0928\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094c\u0930\u0935\u0902 \u091al<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Su 15\/14)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Susruta has mentioned\u00a0\u00a0 Sarvang Netra Gauravam i.e. heaviness in the eye and body.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">In Ashtanga Sangraha Rakta Gaurav has been mentioned as a feature of Majja Vriddhi. Rakta Gaurav indicates the increased viscosity of blood present in polycythemia. Disorders due to vitiation of Majja Dhatu are Murcha (fainting), Bhrama( dizziness), Timira (perception of darkness) manifest also in conditions of anemia due to a decrease in blood volume or blood disorders. This indicates that our Acharyas were well-versed in the relation of Majja dhatu and erythropoiesis.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Rasavaha and Raktavaha Srotas<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0930\u0938\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0943\u0926\u092f\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0902 \u0926\u0936 \u091a \u0927\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0903|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Ch.Vi 5\/8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rasavaha Srotas Mool is Hriday and Rasavahi Dhamini. Hriday is the reservoir of blood and causes pumping of blood and Dhamini causes the circulation of blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u0938\u093e\u0902 \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0928\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0939\u093e \u091a|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Ch.Vi 5\/7-8)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">The roots of Raktavaha Srotas is liver and spleen. The role of liver in erythropoiesis is well known. R.B.C. synthesis occurs in the liver and spleen between 3<sup>rd<\/sup>to 5<sup>th<\/sup> month of intrauterine life. Liver stores some important factors like vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. Spleen is the slaughterhouse of R.B.C.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0924\u092f\u094b\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0902 \u092f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0939\u093e\u0928\u094c \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0936\u094d\u091a \u0927\u092e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0903<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Su.Sha.9\/12)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aacharya Susruta has also considered Raktavaha Dhamini as the root of Raktavaha Srotas. Therefore, Raktavaha Srotas includes both hemopoetic and cardiovascular systems. It may be due to the fact that both precursors of hemopoetic stem cell and angioblast are formed from blood islands during embryological development.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u092e\u094d|<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0Chakrapani has explained Sroto Mulam as it means that Mool of Srotas may be the anatomical seat of respective Srotas, the primary seat of pathology of that Srotas or may be the site of manifestation of that disease. In Rasapradoshaja disorders Pandu, Tandra,Angamarda,Tama \u00a0are present. These features are also present in anemia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #003300;\"><strong>Factors affecting formation and quality of Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0902 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0939\u093f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u094d|<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0926\u0947\u0936\u0915\u093e\u0932\u094c\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0903 \u0938\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924\u0903||<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong>(Ch.Su.24\/3)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Factors which affects the formation and quality of Rakta Dhatu are-<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Diet<\/li>\n<li>Code of conduct<\/li>\n<li>Desh satmya<\/li>\n<li>Kaala satmya<\/li>\n<li>Oaka satmya<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Diet<\/strong> \u2013 Use neither too hot nor too cold and Laghu Aahara is good for Rakta Dhatu. While Amla and Lavana substances and alcoholic beverages vitiate the Rakta Dhatu. Food substances like Kulatha, Tila, and meat of animals living in water, marshy regions are responsible for the vitiation of Pitta Dosha and thus vitiate the Rakta Dhatu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Code of conduct<\/strong>&#8211; sleeping after day after meal, excessive anger, exposure to the sun, suppressing urges like vomiting, exertion, injury, not performing Rakta Mokshan at proper time. All these cause wastage of Pitta and Kapha Dosha and thus vitiate Rakta Dhatu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Desh Satmya<\/strong>&#8211; It is related to habitat. It determines the attributes due to procreation or movement of food substances in a particular locality or their acclimatization to that region. The individual residing at high altitudes has physiological polycythemia deep sea diving leads to oxygen toxicity, carbon dioxide toxicity, and decompression sickness.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Kaala Satyma<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0Kaala stands for time of day, day, night, season, and status of an individual i.e. Avashthik. Rakta Dhatu gets vitiated in Sharad ritu by its virtue. Contemporary science also illustrates that concentration of hemoglobin index varies in accordance with age and sex. In females, the blood indices vary according to their physiological state like menstruation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Factors vitiating the Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 Dietary factors<\/strong> \u2013 Excessive intake of food having Katu, Amla, Lavana Rasa, Kshara, Ushna, Teekshna substances. Food substances like Souviraka, Sura, Sukta, Madya, Virudhasana, Adhyashana, Ajeerna, etc.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Behavioural factors<\/strong> \u2013 Day sleep after having Guru, Snigdha Dravya, exposure to sunlight, anger, holding the urge of vomiting.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Seasonal factors<\/strong>&#8211; Sharad ritu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Panchbhautic Composition of Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0930\u093e\u0917\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0928\u0902 \u0932\u0918\u0941\u0924\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e |<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092d\u0942\u092e\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u00a0\u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0928\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u091a\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0947 || (Su.Su.14\/9)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aacharya Susruta has explained the Panchabhautic composition of blood as Visrata i.e. typical smell is due to Prithvi Mahabhuta,liquidity is due to Jala Mahabhuta, Raga or red color is due to Agni Mahabhuta, Spandan or pulstaion is due to Vayu Mahabhuta ,Laghuta or lightness is attributed to Aakash Mahabhuta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Features of Shuddha Rakta<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0928\u094d\u0924\u092e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0939\u0924\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0935\u0947\u0917\u092e\u094d|<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0938\u0941\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0924\u0941(\u092a\u0941)\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092c\u0932\u094b\u092a\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0937\u0902 \u0935\u0926\u0928\u094d\u0924\u093f||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Ch.Su.24\/24)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">One who has \u2013<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Clarity of sense of organs and their subjects: All Indriyas perform their functions.<\/li>\n<li>Desire of continuous and strong digestive power.<\/li>\n<li>Urges appear at proper time.<\/li>\n<li>Happiness, contentment, and good strength. These are considered features of Shuddha Rakta. All these features are not found in an anemic person eg. An anemic person get easily fatigued.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0924\u092a\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094b\u092a\u093e\u092d\u0902 \u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0932\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0938\u0928\u094d\u0928\u093f\u092d\u092e\u094d|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0917\u0941\u091e\u094d\u091c\u093e\u092b\u0932\u0938\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0902 \u091a \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Ch.Su.24\/22)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094b\u092a\u0915\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0936\u092e\u0938\u0902\u0939\u0924\u092e\u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0902 \u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d ||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Su.Su.14\/22)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Blood which resembles molten gold, Indragopa, lotus flower, Laksha, or berry of Abrus Precatarius should be understood as pure. It is Asahant i.e. neither too thick nor too thin. Due to this property blood doesn\u2019t clot in the intravascular compartment. \u00a0Arundatta commenting on \u2018Asahant\u2019 mentioned it as \u2018Dravam\u2019. The pure blood doesn\u2019t stain the cloth while the impure blood stains the cloth in such a way that it doesn\u2019t get cleaned.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0937\u094d\u0923\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0902 \u092e\u0927\u0941\u0930\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u091a \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u0903 |<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0930\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0935\u0924\u094d ||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(SuSu.21\/17)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Further Susruta has mentioned the quality of blood as it is neither Ushna nor Sheeta, MadhuraRas, Snigdha,red in color, heavy, foul smelling like color of the sheep and rabbit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092e\u0927\u0941\u0930\u0902 \u0932\u0935\u0923\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u091e\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0926\u0936\u0940\u0924\u094b\u0937\u094d\u0923\u092e\u0938\u0902\u0939\u0924\u092e\u094d||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092a\u0926\u094d\u092e\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0917\u094b\u092a\u0939\u0947\u092e\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0936\u0932\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924\u0932\u094b\u0939\u093f\u0924\u092e\u094d||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(A.H. Su27\/1)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aacharya Hemadri has mentioned \u2018Hemamanjistha\u2019 i.e. as the color of the stem Manjistha is red from inside. While commenting on the word \u2018Hema\u2019 Arundatt mentioned that \u2018Hemkankam\u2019 means the color of the blood is red heated gold. This red color of the blood is due to red-colored hemoglobin. When hemoglobin combines with oxygen the brightness of blood increases. Variations in the color of the blood in different individuals are due to variations in the concentration of hemoglobin. \u00a0The reason behind giving different shades of blood is that color of blood is different in different \u2018Prakriti\u2019 individuals which has been proved by different recent scientific research.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Characteristics of\u00a0 impure or vitiated Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rakta Dhatu vitiated by-<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Vata Dosha- Slightly reddish or black, non-slimy, thin flowing quickly, and non-clotting.<\/li>\n<li>Pitta Dosha- Color becomes bluish-yellow, green, or black, red, unpleasant smelling, not liked by ants and flies, and non-clotting.<\/li>\n<li>Kapha Dosha- color becomes similar to solution of Gairika, slightly white, slimy unctuous, cold, and thick, has threads, resembles a muscle.<\/li>\n<li>Tridosha- resembles to Kanjika(rice gruel), foul smelling.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Functions of Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0926\u0947\u0939\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0930\u0941\u0927\u093f\u0930\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u0902 \u0930\u0941\u0927\u093f\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0948\u0935 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0947 |<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0926\u094d\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935 \u0907\u0924\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u0903 ||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Su.14\/44)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Blood itself is life. Body is supported and maintained by blood itself, so it should be protected by all efforts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">If blood volume decreases, hemoglobin or RBC count decreases individuals may go into shock and in extreme deficiency or loss may be died.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0926\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0938\u092a\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902 \u091c\u0940\u0935\u092f\u0924\u093f \u091a,<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">(Su.Su. 15\/5)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rakta bestows color, and nourishment to muscles and maintains life activities. In anemic conditions, the color becomes pale and dull. The transport of nutrients to all body tissues is performed by the blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0942\u0928\u093e\u0902 \u00a0\u092a\u0942\u0930\u0923\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0936\u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u092e\u0938\u0902\u0936\u092f\u092e\u094d |<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0903 \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091a\u0930\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091a\u094d\u091a\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u094d \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e\u0928\u092a\u093f ||\u0967\u096a||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">( Su. Sha.7\/14)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">It gives nourishment to Dhatu as well as is responsible for the perception of tactile stimuli.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0924\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u0939\u093f \u0930\u0941\u0927\u093f\u0930\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0938\u0941\u0916\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0937\u093e|<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u092f\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0903 \u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0947||<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/span>(Ch.Su. 24\/4)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pure blood results in good strength, complexion, happiness, and longevity. It plays an important role in sustenance of life.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Role of Rakta Dhatu in Organogenesis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rakta Dhatu along with other Dosha and Dhatu plays an important role in the formation of organs like Yakrita (liver), Pliha (spleen), Phuphusa (lungs), Unduka (appendix), Guda(anus), Basti (bladder), Jihva (tongue), Vrikka (Kidney), Vrishana (testes), Hriday ( heart) and pranavaha dhamnies( vessels carrying Prana Vata). All these organs derived with the help of Rakta have high vascularity and some organs like the liver, spleen, lungs, and heart also act as reservoirs of blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><u>Features of Rakta Dhatu Sara Purush<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0924\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0902 \u0939\u093f \u0930\u0941\u0927\u093f\u0930\u0902 \u092c\u0932\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0938\u0941\u0916\u093e\u092f\u0941\u0937\u093e|<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u092f\u0941\u0928\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0928\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0923\u0903 \u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0902 \u0939\u094d\u092f\u0928\u0941\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0924\u0947||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Ch.Vi.8\/104)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Individuals having Rakta as constitutional essence have ears, eyes, face, tongue, nose, lips, palm of hand, sole of feet, nails, forehead, and genitals that are unctuous and red in color. And the individual is also handsome. Psychological traits like happiness, genius, enthusiasm, moderate strength and inability to face difficulties, and intolerance to pain, and heat has been described.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0930\u0928\u0916\u0928\u092f\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0932\u0941\u091c\u093f\u0939\u094d\u0935\u094c\u0937\u094d\u0920\u092a\u093e\u0923\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0924\u0932\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0947\u0928<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Su.35\/16)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Susruta has mentioned that the body parts are unctuous and copper color. These traits are used clinically for the assessment of the nutritional status of Rakta Dhatu and also for the assessment of clinical conditions like anemia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Features of Rakta Kshaya<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u092a\u0930\u0941\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u092b\u0941\u091f\u093f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0938\u0919\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0947<\/span><\/strong><u><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">|<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<\/u>(Ch.Su.17\/65)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Aacharya Charak has mentioned roughness, dryness, of skin, craving for sour and cold things as features of Rakta Kshaya.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0915\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0941\u0937\u094d\u092f\u092e\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0936\u0940\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0902 \u091a<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Su.Su. 15\/9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Susruta has also mentioned roughness of skin, desire of cold and sour things.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0936\u094b\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0947 \u0938\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0924\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094c \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0928\u0940\u0915\u093e\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0930\u0938\u0947\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e,<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0924\u0925\u093e \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u094b\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u094c \u0936\u0940\u0924\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e\u093d\u092a\u093f; \u0915\u0947\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u201c<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0937\u094b\u092e\u0940\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0938\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0917\u0941\u0923\u092f\u094b\u0930\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0936\u0940\u0924\u092f\u094b\u0903 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928\u093e<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Dalhana commentary on Su.Su. 15\/9)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dalhana has explained that the desire for sour substances is due to aggravation of Vata dosha. Sour substances suppress the aggravated Vata. Due to Rakta Kshay there is loss of fluid content in the body and the result is increase in hotness which leads to enhanced desire for cold things. Looseness of veins may be due to hypovolemia in case of blood loss. All these features are very similar to those characters which are found in anemic state of body.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0947\u093d\u092e\u094d\u0932\u0936\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0930\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0930\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0903||<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(As.H.Su.11\/17)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sour Rasa is predominant in Tej Mahabhuta. It is needed for Rakta to regain its physiological status with the help of correcting Bhutagini of Rakta Dhatu. In cold season Agni increses.Rakta Kshay causes Vata Vriddhi which leads to a craving of Amla rasa because Amla Rasa is Vata Shamak. Rakta Kshay is associated with Pandu and Agnimandya. Amla is Pitta vardhaka\u00a0 \u00a0here sambhavaja with Rakta\u00a0 it increases\u00a0 Agni.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0936\u0948\u0925\u093f\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0915\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0924\u092f\u093e<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Chakrapani)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Due to decreased quantity of blood, individuals may go into hypotension. So, in this situation collapsed torturous vein in low circulatory volume leads to hypoproteinemia and vessel wall losing its tonicity.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d \u0938\u094d\u0930\u0941\u0924\u0947 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0928\u094d\u0926\u0903 \u0938\u091e\u094d\u091c\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0947\u093d\u0928\u0932\u0903 |<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u092a\u0935\u0928\u0936\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0930\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u092a\u0902 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0938\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u0924\u094d\u0928\u0924\u0903 ||<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n(Su.Su.14\/37)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dhatu Kshay leads to aggravation of Vata and decreased digestive power.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Features of Rakta Vriddhi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong>\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0902 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0919\u094d\u0917\u093e\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0902 \u091a<\/strong><\/span><br \/>\n(Su.Su. 15\/15)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rakta Vriddhi causes red coloration of body and eye, fullness of vessels.Rakta Vriddhi causes Sirapurnata means fullness of vessels which ultimately leads to high volume pulse.\u00a0 It causes skin diseases like Vidradhi(abscess), Visarpa(erysipelas), Kustha(skindisorder), Vyanga(depigmentataion), disease of spleen, Vatarakta (gout), Gulma(abdominal tumour), Upkusha(disease of gums), Kamala, loss of Agni and red coloration of urine.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Metabolism of Rakta Dhatu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nutrient part of Rakta Dhatu nourishes the next Dhatu i.e. Mansa Dhatu. Malarupi Pitta is formed as waste. Malarupi Pitta may be considered as Bilirubin which is formed after the breakdown of R.B.C. Kandara i.e. tendon and Sira i.e. blood vessel is formed as Updhatu. The possible explanation regarding Sira and Kandara may be that Rakta Kshaya and Rakta Vriddhi are directly reflected through the condition of Siras. Looseness of Siras in Rakta Kshaya and fullness in Rakta vriddhi is found. Embryologically blood cells and blood vessels have same origin. So, in Ayurveda Sira has been considered as Updhatu of blood.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Management of blood loss<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>In extreme blood loss, consumption of blood with honey or consumption of raw liver with its content is advised.<\/li>\n<li>Use of Rakta as nasal drop is indicated in the treatment of Krimija Shiroroga.<\/li>\n<li>Drinking of fresh blood of deer, cow, buffalo or goat because of the belief that it gets immediately transformed into live blood.<\/li>\n<li>Enema can also be given with a amixture of this blood with Darbha (Desmostachya bipinnata) powder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Methods of Haemostasis<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sandhana: It means union and is done with the help of astringent substances.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skandana: It means clotting and is done with the help of cold substances.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Pachana: styptic for a closing wound is done by ash.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Dahana: Cauterization is done which causes constriction of blood vessels.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">All these steps are used in a sequential manner.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>Rasa and Rakta Dhatu can be considered as blood because they both are in a liquid state, which gets circulated in the intravascular compartment (heart and blood vessel), and have functional similarities.<\/li>\n<li>Distributed throughout the body due to the action of Vyan Vata on the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular system), quite similar to blood.<\/li>\n<li>Rasa and Rakta Dhatu carries all the nutrients along with Oja and nourishes and protects all the tissues.<\/li>\n<li>Rasa and Rakta Dhatu and Dhatusarata have been described in order to clinically assess the functional status.<\/li>\n<li>Diet and regimen, Deshasatmya, Kalasatmya, and Oakasatmya have been described as affecting the formation of Shuddha Rakta Dhatu.<\/li>\n<li>Measures for blood loss and blood clotting have been also described.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ayurveda Perspectives on the Physiology of Blood Prof. Sangeeta Gehlot MD (Ayu.)Ph.D. Department of Kriya Sharir faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU based on the lecture available at Ayurveda Perspectives on the Physiology of Blood \u00a0 Ayurvedic physiology is based on Tridosha, Dhatu, Agni, Mala, and Srotas. Among seven Dhatus, the first one is Rasa while [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":3739,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,76,55],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3737","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kriya-sharir","category-prof-sangeeta-gehlot","category-text"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ayurveda Perspectives on the Physiology of Blood Prof. Sangeeta Gehlot MD (Ayu.)Ph.D. Department of Kriya Sharir faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU based on the lecture available at Ayurveda Perspectives on the Physiology of Blood Ayurvedic physiology is based on Tridosha, Dhatu, Agni, Mala, and Srotas. 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